AP Gov Unit 1

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45 Terms

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Thomas Hobbes

The government state is best for society, people need to give up some of their rights for the good all

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John Locke

Natural Rights govern Society the governed should consent to the government

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A Republican government with limited and separated powers

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Republicanism

Citizens of sovereign states elect leaders for a limited time who make an execute and laws

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Representative Democracy

Government where people entrust elected officials to act in their best interests

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Declaration of Independence

July 4, 1776; provided a moral legal justification for the rebellion and emphasize limited government and natural rights (Thomas Jefferson, John Adam’s, Ben Franklin)

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The U.S Constitution

a government with three branches; checks and balances; social contract; representative republic with sovereign states(James Madison, George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, grand committee)

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Participatory Democracy

Broad involvement of citizens and politics; citizens vote directly for laws. Initiative and referendum.

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Pluralist Democracy

People with widely bearing interest form groups to influence policy making(interest groups)

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Elite Democracy

Elected representatives act as trustees for the people that elect them

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Federalists

James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John J. Strong federal government will prevent factions from overpowering the country, federalist 10.

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Anti-Federalists

Patrick Henry, George Mason, Thomas Jefferson. A strong federal government will trample peoples liberties and lead to tyranny. Brutus 1

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Articles of Confederation

League of friendship, 13 articles states are sovereign; one federal branch, Congress had minimal power. Weaknesses: inability to tax, no national court system, no regulation between states, each state casts, regardless of population, Shays rebellion.

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Great Compromise

Bicameral legislator, senate and house of representative

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Virginia Plan

Reflects states population

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New Jersey Plan

States should be represented equally

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3/5 Compromise

3/5 of each states slave population would count; also Congress cannot regulate slave trade for at 20 years and states must return fugitives

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Electoral College

Electing a president through states to decide who choose electors

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Commerce Clause

Gave Congress the power to regulate trade between states and sit tariffs on imports, but not exports

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Amendment Process

2/3 vote to be approved by congress, ratification: ¾ by state legislature

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Legislative Branch

100 Senators, 435 house. Makes the laws, participate in communities.

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Executive branch

President and vice president, carries out the nations laws.

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Judicial Branch

You are Supreme Court, practice, judicial review, citizens use the court systems regularly and can appeal convictions.

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Separation of Powers

Three branches of government with distinct responsibilities and limitations.

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Veto

Executive powered to reject a bill passed by Congress.

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Pocket Veto

The president killing a bill by refusing to sign it.

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Advice and Consent

Congress can provide suggestions to the president for appointments.

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Impeachment

An accusation of wrongdoing by president, federal judge, or other official.

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Federalism

The sharing of powers between the national government and states government.

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Supremacy Clause

National power is above the states, but is limited by the enumerated powers.

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Full Faith and Credit Privileges and Immunities Extradition

States must honor the laws of others, and honor, citizens and judicial proceedings of other states.

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Exclusive(Delegated Powers)

Federal powers: military, foreign diplomacy, currency, international and interstate commerce

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Reserved Powers

State powers: education, marriage, health and safety, police powers.

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Concurrent Powers

Shared powers: tax operate courts, improve lands.

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Federal Grant

Addressing national issues with a federal dollars; grant in aid programs.

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Categorical Grants

Grant money that comes to strings, most common.

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Block Grants

Broad grants, two states without strings, not very common.

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Mandates

Money for states to comply with federal mandates, sometimes unfunded.

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Enumerated Powers

Article 1 section 8: tax, raising army, borrow money, postal system, immigration process

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Elastic Clause

Implied or necessary and proper, but not listed powers

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Reserved Powers

Tenth Amendment, specifically listed, any powers not listed in articles one to three belong to the states

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Equal Protection Clause

14th amendment, states cannot deny equal protection of the laws

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