skeletal and muscular systems

protects and supports

what are the functions of the skeleton?

attaches bone to bone

what is a ligament?

attaches muscle to bone

what is a tendon?

long

short

flat

round

irregular

what are the different types of bones?

end of bone

what is the epiphysis?

where the growth plate was

what is the metaphysis?

shaft of bone

what is the diaphysis?

inside of bone, yellow bone marrow

what is the medullary cavity?

red and yellow marrow

what does the medullary cavity made of?

produces red blood cells

what does red marrow do?

inside spongy bone

where is red marrow found?

compact

spongy

what are the two types of bone tissue?

clean break through the bone

what is a simple fracture?

breaks the skin

what is a compound fracture?

blood escapes the broken tissue and blood vessels making a clot. bone cells are deprived of oxygen begin to die and pain, swelling, and inflammation are evident.

what is a hematoma?

cartilage framework is laid down before bone

what is a fibrocartilaginous callus formation?

the bony callus is remodeled and reshaped

the last stage of bone healing

what is remodeling?

large round process on a bone that allows for muscle attachment

what is a tuberosity?

small rounded process that allows for muscle attachment

what is a tubercle?

very large process found only on the femur that allows for muscle attachment

what is a trochanter?

raised area above a condyle for muscle attachment

what is an epicondyle?

smooth articulating surface that forms a joint with another bone

what is a condyle?

ridge on a bone for muscle attachment

what is a line and crest?

larger round or oval opening of bone that nerves, arteries, and veins travel through

what is a foramen?

depression in a bone which serves as an articulator surface that a muscle sits in

what is a fossa?

cavity in a bone filled with air or mucous

what is a sinus?

axial

appendicular

what are the two types of bones in the skeleton?

skull

ribcage

vertebral column

what are the main structures in the axial skeleton?

upper extremities

lower extremities

pelvis

clavicle

scapula

what are the main structures in the appendicular skeleton?

immovable joints

where bone and bone meet

what are sutures?

frontal

occipital

parietal

temporal

sphenoid

what are the bones in the skull?

coronal

sagittal

lambdoidal

what are the major sutures of the skull?

bump posterior to the ear

what is the mastoid process?

articulates with C1; where first cervical vertebrae attaches

what is the occipital condyles?

maxilla

what bone is this?

mandible

what bone is this?

zygomatic

what bone is this?

palantine

what bone is this?

sphenoid

what bone is this?

hyoid bone

what bone is this?

hyoid bone

what bone is the only bone that does does not articulate with another bone?

cervical

thoracic

lumbar

sacrum

coccyx

what are the regions of the spine?

7

how many bones in cervical spine?

12

how many bones in thoracic spine?

5

how many bones in the lumbar spine?

lateral curve of spine

what is scoliosis?

vertebral body

what is this called?

what you can feel when you touch your spine

what is the spinous process?

transverse process

what is this called?

atlas c1

what bone is this?

axis c2

what bone is this?

12

how many pairs of ribs are there?

ribs that attach to the sternum by cartilage

what are true ribs?

ribs that are attached to cartilage

what are false ribs?

ribs that are attached to nothing

what are floating ribs

7 (1-7)

how many true rib pairs are there?

3 (8, 9, 10)

how many false rib pairs are there?

2 (11, 12)

how many floating rib pairs are there?

piece of cartilage at the inferior aspect of sternum

what is the xiphoid process?

five bones fused together which articulate with pelvic girdle

what is the sacrum?

three to five vertebrae fused together to form tailbone

what is the coccyx?

scapula

clavicle

what bones do the shoulder girdle consist of?

glenoid process

what is this called?

humorous

what does the glenoid process articulate with?

acromion process

what is this called?

clavicle

what articulates with the acromion process?

humerus

what bone is this?

greater tubercle

lesser tubercle

lateral epicondyle

medial epicondyle

what does the humerus bone consist of?

radius

what bone is this?

radial tuberosity

what is this called?

ulna

what bone is this?

olecranon process

what is this called?

carpals

what bones are these?

metacarpals

what bones are these?

phalanges

what bones are these?

illium

ischium

pubis

what bones do the pelvic girdle consist of?

illium

what bone is the largest of the pelvic bones?

ilium

what bone is this?

ischium

what bone is this?

pubis

what bone is this?

acetabulum (hip socket)

what is this called?

femur

what does the acetabulum articulate with?

head

greater trochanter

lesser trochanter

what are the parts of the femur?

tibia

what bone is this?

tibia

tibia or fibula: which bone bears weight?

medial malleolus

what is this called?

tibial tuberosity

what is this called?

fibula

what bone is this?

lateral malleolus

what is this called?

7

how many bones are in the ankle?

talus

what articulates with the tibia and fibula?

calcaneus

what is the heel bone/largest bone in the foot?

tallus

what bone is this?

calcaneus

what bone is this?

ends of bones do not contact each other; freely moveable

what are synovial joints?

fluid filled sacs; eases friction

what are bursae?

hip joint

shoulder joint

whats an example of a ball and socket joint?

radius pivots on the ulna; pronates and supinates

whats an example of a pivot joint?

knee

elbow

what is an example of a hinge joint?

bringing closer to body part

what is flexion?