Protozoa

How many species in protozoa?

65 000 species

What are two relevant genera in Euglenozoa phylum?

Trypanosoma and Leishmania

What are two species in the genera Trypanosoma? What about leishmania?

Trypanosoma: T.brucei, and T. brucei gambiense

Leishmania: L.donovani, L. tropica

What is a relevant genus for the phylum apicomplexa? What are four species in this genus?

Plasmodium. Species include: P. malariae, P.ovale, P.falciparum, P.vivax 

What are three genera in the phylum metamonada?

Chilomastix, Giardia, and Trichomonas

What is one important species in each of the three genera for the phylum metamonada?

Chilomastix mesnili, Giardia lamblia, and Trichomonas vaginalis (or muris)

What is a genus and a species in the phylum Cilliophora?

Genus: Balantidium

Species is Balantidium coli

What are three genera associated with the phylum Amoebozoa? What is an associated species with each genera?

Genus: Entamoeba, Endolimax, Iodamoeba

Species: Entamoeba coli and histolytica, Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba butschlii 

What do trypanosomes possess?

6 basic morphological forms based on shape and position of the kinetosome and kinetoplast

Describe the amastigote morphological form

It has a spheroid shape with a very short flagella projecting just above the flagellar pocket.

What is the definitive morphology for Leishmania in the vertebrate host?

Amastigote

Describe the choanomastigote morphological form 

The flagellum emerges from the collar. Kinetosomes and kinetoplasts are anterior to the nucleus. 

What genus has the choanomastigote form?

Crithidia

Describe the promastigote morphological form. What is an example of a genus that has this form?

Flagellum extends forward and the kinetsome and the kinetoplast are anterior to the nucleus. Leptomonas

Describe the opisthomastigote morphological form. What is an example of a genus that has this form?

Kinetosome and kintoplast are found between the posterior and the nucleus. Have a long flagellar pocket and no undulating membrane. Herpetomonas

Describe the epimastigote morphological form. What is an example of a genus that has this form?

Similar to promastigote as the kinetosome and kinetoplast are between the nucleus and anterior end. But they have a short undulating membrane found along the basal or proximal part of the flagellum. Blastocrithidia 

Describe the trypomastigote morphological form

Kinetoplast and kinetosome are near posterior of body. The flagella runs along the surface of the body generally continuing as a whip anterior to the body. Has an undulating membrane.

What genus has the trypomastigote as the definitive form in humans?

Trypanosoma

What is the size for trypanosoma lewisi? What morphological form is it in? Is the undulating membrane visible under 40X?

25 micrometers in length. Typical trypomastigote form. May not be

What is the definitive host for T.lewisi? Habitat? Phylum? Disease? Diagnostic feature?

Definitive host: Rat

Habitat: Blood 

Phylum: Euglenozoa

Disease: Non-pathogenic

Diagnostic feature: Perform a blood smear 

What is the size of Trypanosoma brucei gambinense? Describe morphological features. What morphological form is it in?

25-50 micrometers

Long and slender but can be broad and short if no flagellum is present or in an intermediate stage

Typical trypomastigote form in vertebrate host and epimastigote form in insect host

What is the definitive host? Habitat? Phylum? Diagnostic features of trypanosoma brucei gambiense?

Definitive host: Human

Habitat: Blood

Phylum: Euglenozoa 

Disease: Trypanosomiasis, African sleeping sickness 

Diagnostic feature: Perform a blood smear 

What morphological form is Leishmania donovani in?

Typical amastigote form in vertebrate host and promastigote form in insect host

What is the definitive host? Phylum? Habitat? Diagnostic feature of Leishmania donovani?

Definitive host: Human and dogs

Habitat: Liver and spleen

Phylum: Euglenozoa

Disease: Kala-azar, dum-dum fever, and visceral leishmaniasis

Diagnostic feature: Perform a smear 

What morphological form is leishmania tropica in?

Promastigote form when grown in culture and in insect host (gut of sandfly). Amastigote form in vertebrate host.

What is the definitive host? Phylum? Habitat? Disease? Diagnostic feature of leishmania tropica?

Definitive host: Human and dogs 

Habitat: Dermal layer of the skin 

Phylum: Euglenozoa

Disease: Dermal leishmaniasis, or Oriental sore 

Diagnostic feature: Perform a culture 

Where does the flagellum originate at for T.b.gambiense?

At the posterior of the organism but it is contained by the undulating membrane along the outside. It becomes free at the anterior part of the body.