CFB 30: Genetics/DNA Synthesis

Adenine, Guanine

What are the purines?

Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine

What are the pyrimidines?

Phosphodiester bonds

Bond connecting nucleotides

Hydrogen bonds

What are the basis of base pairing?

5' - 3'

What direction is DNA read?

Hydrogen bonds

What type of bonds form between base pairs of DNA?

Semiconservative replication

DNA participates in what type of replication?

Phosphodiester bond

DNA polymerase makes DNA strands by forming what type of bonds?

3'

Nucleotides can only be added to DNA at the ___ end.

2

How many hydrogen bonds bind A and T?

3

How many hydrogen bonds bind G and C?

10%

Protein coding genes only make up __% of a genome.

Nonfunctional remnants of genes

What are pseudogenes?

Non-protein coding RNAs

What are microRNA coding genes?

Nucleosome

Helix (~140 bp) wraps around core of histone proteins - each called a:

DNA helicase

What enzyme initiates replication by unwinding the double helix?

Topoisomerase

What is needed to remove supercoiled DNA?

True

T/F: The origin of replication goes in two directions.

5' - 3'

DNA polymerase replicates DNA strands in what direction?

Uracil

If a cytosine is deaminated, it will become...

Hypoxanthine (guanine)

If adenine is deaminated, it will will become...

Thymines

Ultraviolet light causes the dimerization of...

Excision/repair

How can UV light damage be repaired?

Thymine dimers

Xeroderma pigmantosa is a disease that makes you more susceptible to skin cancer due to the inability to repair what?

MutS

What enzyme recognizes mismatch errors in DNA sequences and repairs it?

p53

What tumor suppressor gene will initiate apoptosis of cells with damaged DNA?

Oncogenesis

Loss of p53 protein makes the cell susceptible to ___________.

CAG (CGG)

Repeats of ___ cause many inherited neurological disorders.

Template strand

In DNA transcription, which strand is translated into RNA?