Mod 23 The Roots of Prejudice and "Stereotype Threat"

ethnocentric

Believing in the superiority of one's own ethnic and cultural group, and having a corresponding disdain for all other groups.

authoritarian personality

A personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status.

realistic group conflict theory

The theory that prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources.

social identity

The "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from our group memberships.

ingroup

"Us"--a group of people who share a sense of belonging, a feeling of common identity.

outgroup

"Us"--a group that people perceive as distinctively different from or apart from their ingroup.

ingroup bias

The tendency to favor one's own group.

terror management

According to "terror management theory," people's self-protective emotional and cognitive responses (including adhering more strongly to their cultural worldviews and prejudices) when confronted with reminders of their mortality.

outgroup homogeneity effect

Perception of outgroup members as more similar to one another than are ingroup members. Thus "they are alike; we are diverse."

own-race bias

The tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race. (Also called the cross-race effect of other-race effect.)

just-world phenomenon

The tendency of people to believe that the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.

subtyping

Accommodating individuals who deviate from one's stereotype by thinking of them as "exceptions to the rule."

subgrouping

Accommodating individuals who deviate form one's stereotype by forming a new stereotype about this subset of the group.

stereotype threat

A self-confirming apprehension that one's behavior will verify a negative stereotype In other words, a.disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. Unlike self-fulfilling prophecies that hammer one's reputation into one's self-concept, stereotype threat situations have immediate effects.

Word, Zanna, and Cooper had White Princeton University men interview both White and Black job applicants. When the applicant was Black, the interviewers _____ than when the applicant was White.

ended the interview sooner, sat farther away from the applicant, and made more speech errors

Research on stereotype threat has shown that when a golf task was framed as a test of ________, Blacks did worse. When it was framed as a test of ________, Whites did worse.

sports intelligence; natural athletic ability

Studies of Whites by Thomas Pettigrew in South Africa in the 1950s, when apartheid ruled, revealed that those who _____ were also most prejudiced.

conformed most to other social norms

Research has shown that when feeling vulnerable about their own mortality, people are ________ likely to derogate ________ members.

more; outgroup

True or False: According to Lerner, our need to believe in a just world often leads us to blame the victim.

True