Threats to Internal Validity

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7 Terms

1
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History

Events other than the treatment that occur between pretest and posttest may affect outcomes. No studies from 2019-2022 because of COVID

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Maturation

Changes within participants (e.g., aging, fatigue, growth) that occur with the passage of time.

3
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Testing

Effects of taking a test more than once, such as practice or familiarity effects.

4
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Instrumentation

Changes in measurement instruments, observers, or scoring procedures across time.

5
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Statistical Regression

Extreme scores tend to move closer to the mean on retesting.

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Selection**

Systematic differences in characteristics of groups being compared.

7
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Attrition (Mortality)

Loss of participants from groups differentially influences results.