mass comm test 2

podcasting

making audio files available online for download or streaming on phones or computers

national public radio (NPR)

created as the first noncommercial radio network (public broadcasting act of 1967)

supported by donations, sponsorships, & government grants (not fully government funded)

AM (amplitude modulation)

emphasizes AMPLITUDE - good for talk radio, but lower sound quality

FM (frequency modulation)

emphasizes FREQUENCY - better sound, ideal for music

top 40

plays the 40 most popular songs based on record sales

independent station

a tv or radio station not affiliated w a major network

wireless ship act (1910)

required ships to have wireless radio equipment for safety

radio act of 1912

required all radio stations to be licensed. addressed signal overcrowding

radio act of 1927

established the federal radio commission (FRC) to regulate airwaves

communications act (1934)

replaced FRC w federal communication commission (FCC)

public broadcasting act (1967)

created NPR & later PBS

éduard-léon scott de martinville

invented the phonautograph (first sound recording device)

thomas edison

developed the phonograph (first playback device)

reginald fessenden

made the first voice broadcast (christmas eve, 1906)

guglielmo marconi

demonstrated the existence of radio waves

edwin armstrong

developed FM radio

transistor (1940s)

made radios portable, smaller, & more durable

jazz (early 1900s)

originated in new orleans; combines african rhythms, blues, & gospel

rock & roll (1950s)

blended blues & country; criticized for influencing juvenile delinquency

folk (1960s)

known for social & political commentary (eg: civil rights, protest songs)

hip-hop (1990s)

emerged in the 1970s; criticized in the 1990s for violent or misogynistic lyrics

pop music (continuous)

designed to appeal to a broad, mainstream audience

when did rock & roll grow in popularity?

in the 1950s. the radio adapted w format-driven content & popular djs

what brought the beatles & other UK bands to the us?

the british invasion in 1964

what changed music distribution?

digital technology & napster (1999)

what streaming service is the lead in users & revenue?

spotify (as of 2023)

napster (1999)

enabled peer-to-peer (PTP) file sharing; sparked legal battles over privacy

itunes (2000s)

legalized digital downloads

current major streaming platforms

spotify, apple music, youtube music

scanning disk

inventor: paul nipkow

contribution: foundation for mechanical tv

iconoscope

inventor: vladimir zworykin

contribution: early electronic camera tube

electronic tv

inventor: phil farnsworth

contributions: developed first fully electronic tv system

when was the first us tv broadcast

1930s

FCC limits

early broadcast stations limited to avoid signal interference

color tv standard (1954)

RCA’s system became us standard

analog → digital transition

completed in 2009

portable tv

enabled by transistors

when did major networks switch to full color broadcasting

1966-67

what event was televised in 1969

apollo 11 moon landing

when was time shifting introduced w VCRs

1970s

2000s-present

DVRs, cable, & streaming fragment audiences

anthology drama

new story & characters each week (first form of tv, ex: twilight zone)

sitcom (situation comedy)

recurring characters & settings (the fresh prince of bel-air)

sketch comedy

short comedic segments (saturday night live)

reality tv

non-actors; low production cost (survivor, big brother)

PBS programming

focus on children’s & educational content (sesame street)