Studied by 3 people
They would touch the non-polar tails, which would repel them.
Why do polar molecules need to use a protein to cross a membrane?
Antiport sends our an ion and pulls one in, and symport sends one ion out and two ions in.
Antiport vs. Symport
Receptor-Mediated endocytosis
brings specific molecules into a cell using receptors.
Endocytosis
uses energy to take in macromolecules by forming a vesicle around them.
Phagocytosis
cell takes in large, solid molecules
Pinocytosis
cell takes in liquids
Exocytosis
cell uses energy to release vesicles containing proteins, hormone, and waste
Golgi Complex
What organelle makes vesicles for exocytosis?
Cotransport
uses energy from electrochemical gradients to transports two different ions across a membrane.
Sodium-Potassium Pump
moe Na+ out and 2K+ in against the concentration gradient using ATP.
Concentration Gradient
a solute being more concentrated in one area than another
Passive Transport
movement of molecules along the concentration gradients without the use of energy
Diffusion
the movement of small, nonpolar molecules across the membrane along the concentration gradient
Facilitated Diffusion
diffusing polar/ionic molecules across a membrane along the concentration gradient through a protein
Active Transport
the movement of molecules across a membrane against the concentration gradient with the use of ATP
Osmosis
diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane
Osmolarity
solute concentration
Solvent
liquid a solute is inside of
Solute
molecules that is diffused in a solvent
it is a polar molecule, which is repelled by the phospholipid tails
Why does water need an aquaporin to cross the membrane?
Tonicity (Solute Potential)
measuremnt of the solute concentratoin between two solutions
Hypertonic
more solute than solvent
Hypotonic
more solvent than solute
Isotonic
an equal amount of solute and solvent
their cell wall and large, central vacuole
Why do plant cells maintain pressure in hypotonic solutions?
Contractile Vacuole
releases excess water
is would plasmolyse due to water leaving the cell
What would happen is a freshwater paramecium was placed in salt water?
solution —> cell
Predict direction of osmosis if the cell has a water potential of -6 and the solution is -3.
cell —> solution
Predict the direction of osmosis if the water potential of a cell is -2 and the solution is -5.
the solute takes up space
Why does increasing the amount of solute decrease the water potential?
they compartmentalize the different metabolic processes.
How do organelles make eukaryotic cells more efficient?
the cell would die due to excess acid
What would happen if a lysosome ruptures?
They have highly folded inner membranes
What do mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common structurally?
