GEC1-LESSON 3

Self

The sense of personal identity and individuality, as defined by William James.

'I' and 'me'

Aspects of the self; 'I' represents the thinking self, while 'me' encompasses physical and psychological characteristics.

Carl Rogers

Psychologist who emphasized self-actualization and used 'I' and 'me' in person-centered therapy.

Identity

Refers to personal characteristics, social roles, and affiliations.

Self-concept

How individuals perceive themselves.

Self-schema

An organized system of knowledge about oneself that evolves with experiences.

Components of self-schema

Includes interests, work, age, physical characteristics, and other aspects shaping self-perception.

Dynamic nature of self

Self, identity, and self-concept evolve over time, influenced by experiences and aspirations.

Freud's Iceberg Model

Illustrates the conscious ego, unconscious id, and moral superego in shaping personality.

Id

Represents primal instincts and operates on the pleasure principle.

Ego

Balances the id's demands with reality, following the reality principle.

Superego

Integrates societal values and morals, motivating socially responsible behavior.

Symbolic Interactionism

Theory that views society as constructed through shared symbols and meanings.

Mead's perspective

The self is developed through social interactions and influenced by societal norms.

Social comparison theory

Suggests individuals learn about themselves by comparing their attributes with others.

Downward social comparison

Comparing oneself with those perceived as less fortunate to boost self-esteem.

Upward social comparison

Comparing oneself with those considered better off, which can motivate or lower self-esteem.

Self-awareness

Involves seeing oneself objectively through reflection and introspection.

Private self

Refers to internal standards and personal thoughts.

Public self

Pertains to the external image presented to others.

Impact of self-esteem

Reflects an individual's positive or negative evaluation of themselves, influenced by social comparisons.

High self-esteem

Correlates with positive outcomes but does not solely determine a healthy self-perspective.

Excessive social comparison

Can lead to negative self-perception and hinder personal growth.

Importance of self-awareness

Essential for personal development and maintaining a balanced self-concept.