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Self
The sense of personal identity and individuality, as defined by William James.
'I' and 'me'
Aspects of the self; 'I' represents the thinking self, while 'me' encompasses physical and psychological characteristics.
Carl Rogers
Psychologist who emphasized self-actualization and used 'I' and 'me' in person-centered therapy.
Identity
Refers to personal characteristics, social roles, and affiliations.
Self-concept
How individuals perceive themselves.
Self-schema
An organized system of knowledge about oneself that evolves with experiences.
Components of self-schema
Includes interests, work, age, physical characteristics, and other aspects shaping self-perception.
Dynamic nature of self
Self, identity, and self-concept evolve over time, influenced by experiences and aspirations.
Freud's Iceberg Model
Illustrates the conscious ego, unconscious id, and moral superego in shaping personality.
Id
Represents primal instincts and operates on the pleasure principle.
Ego
Balances the id's demands with reality, following the reality principle.
Superego
Integrates societal values and morals, motivating socially responsible behavior.
Symbolic Interactionism
Theory that views society as constructed through shared symbols and meanings.
Mead's perspective
The self is developed through social interactions and influenced by societal norms.
Social comparison theory
Suggests individuals learn about themselves by comparing their attributes with others.
Downward social comparison
Comparing oneself with those perceived as less fortunate to boost self-esteem.
Upward social comparison
Comparing oneself with those considered better off, which can motivate or lower self-esteem.
Self-awareness
Involves seeing oneself objectively through reflection and introspection.
Private self
Refers to internal standards and personal thoughts.
Public self
Pertains to the external image presented to others.
Impact of self-esteem
Reflects an individual's positive or negative evaluation of themselves, influenced by social comparisons.
High self-esteem
Correlates with positive outcomes but does not solely determine a healthy self-perspective.
Excessive social comparison
Can lead to negative self-perception and hinder personal growth.
Importance of self-awareness
Essential for personal development and maintaining a balanced self-concept.
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