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88 Terms
Q: What are the four steps of art assessment?
A: Description, Analysis, Interpretation, Judgment.
Q: How does art history differ from art criticism?
A: Art history studies external influences; art criticism studies internal qualities and aesthetics.
Q: What is iconography?
A: The use of symbols and imagery to represent ideas or beliefs in art.
Q: What does the Palette of Narmer represent?
A: The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt and divine kingship.
Q: What caused the Amarna Period’s change in style?
A: Pharaoh Akhenaten’s new religious beliefs (monotheism).
Q: Name three reasons art is created.
A: To record history, express beliefs, or display power.
Q: What’s the difference between functional and non-functional art?
A: Functional art serves a use; non-functional art is for expression only.
Q: What are the elements of art?
A: Line, color, texture, shape, form, space.
Q: What are the principles of design?
A: Balance, emphasis, harmony, variety, rhythm, proportion, movement.
Q: What does style tell us about a culture?
A: Its aesthetic values and worldview.
Q: What does art reveal about a civilization?
A: Its beliefs, history, and cultural identity.
Q: Prehistoric
A: Before written history
Q: Archaeology
A: Study of past human life through artifacts
Q: Artifact
A: Object made or used by humans
Q: Pictograph
A: Painting or drawing on a rock surface
Q: Petroglyph
A: Carving or engraving into rock
Q: Megalith
A: Large stone monument (e.g., Stonehenge)
Q: Neoliths
A:Small polished stone tools from Neolithic era
Q: Formalism
A: Art that values design and composition
Q: Imitationalism
A: Art that imitates real life or nature
Q: What does “prehistoric” mean?
A: The time before written records existed.
Q: How do scientists study prehistoric life?
A: Through archaeology, anthropology, and geology.
Q: What was the purpose of prehistoric art?
A: Communication, ritual, and recording important events.
Q: What are the three main prehistoric art periods?
A: Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic.
Q: What animals are depicted in the Altamira Caves?
A: Bison, horses, and mammoths in naturalistic poses.
Q: Who discovered the Altamira Caves?
A: Marcelino de Sautuola and his daughter.
Q: What is the “Bird-Man” in Lascaux thought to represent?
A: A shaman, a hunter, or a spiritual figure.
Q: What does the Venus of Willendorf symbolize?
A: Fertility, motherhood, and creation.
Q: How did Mesolithic art differ from Paleolithic art?
A: It showed groups of people and movement, not just animals.
Q: What was Stonehenge used for?
A: A solar calendar and ritual site for seasonal events.
Q: What are megaliths?
A: Large stone monuments used for rituals.
Q: What are neoliths?
A: Small stone tools from the Neolithic period.
Q: What are rites of passage?
A: Rituals marking major life transitions.
Q: Give examples of modern rites of passage.
A: Graduation, weddings, quinceañeras.
Q: What’s the difference between a pictograph and a petroglyph?
A: Pictograph = painted image; Petroglyph = carved image.
Q: What does “Mesopotamia” mean?
A: “Land between two rivers” (Tigris and Euphrates).
Q: What was the purpose of ziggurats?
A: Temples connecting humans and gods; centers of worship and power.
Q: What was the first writing system?
A: Cuneiform, developed by the Sumerians.
Q: What is shown in the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin?
A: Akkadian king ascending over enemies; symbolizes divine power.
Q: What is the Code of Hammurabi?
A: Babylonian law code symbolizing justice and divine authority.
Q: Which culture introduced metal weaponry?
A: The Hittites.
Q: What did the Assyrians use art for?
A: To glorify military victories.
Q: What is Persepolis known for?
A: Persian reliefs symbolizing royal power.
Q: What natural feature shaped Egyptian civilization?
A: The Nile River.
Q: Who unified Upper and Lower Egypt?
A: King Narmer (Menes).
Q: Why were Egyptian figures stylized?
A: To show all body parts for the ka (soul) in the afterlife.
Q: What material did Egyptians invent for writing?
A: Papyrus.
Q: What is the Great Sphinx of Gizeh?
A: Monument symbolizing pharaoh’s divine power as sun god Ra.
Q: Why did Egyptians mummify bodies?
A: To preserve them for the ka’s journey to the afterlife.
Q: What changed in the Middle Kingdom?
A: Use of rock-cut tombs and wall paintings.
Q: What is a pylon temple?
A: Large temple with a massive entryway and inner sanctuary.
Q: Who built the Temple of Ramses II?
A: Pharaoh Ramses II during the New Kingdom.
Q: What was Akhenaton known for?
A: Promoting monotheism and introducing naturalistic art.
Q: Why is the bust of Nefertiti important?
A: It represents realism and individuality in Egyptian art.
Q: What religion inspired Indian stupas?
A: Buddhism.
Q: What does the Great Stupa at Sanchi represent?
A: The universe and path to enlightenment.
Q: What philosophy influenced Chinese painting?
A: Taoism (balance with nature).
Q: What is considered the highest art form in China?
A: Calligraphy.
Q: What aesthetic values shape Japanese art?
A: Wabi, sabi, and mono no aware — simplicity, imperfection, impermanence.
Q: What is The Great Wave off Kanagawa?
A: A Japanese woodblock print symbolizing power and transience of nature.
Q: What civilization aligned pyramids with celestial bodies?
A: The Maya.
Q: What was the Templo Mayor used for?
A: Worship and ritual sacrifice to war and rain gods.
Q: What material was sacred in Aztec art?
A: Feathers.
Q: How did the Inca build without mortar?
A: Precise ashlar stone fitting.
Q: What was Machu Picchu?
A: A royal and ceremonial site in the Andes.
Q: What role did African masks play?
A: Used in ceremonies to connect with spirits or ancestors.
Q: What were common African art materials?
A: Wood, bronze, ivory, and textiles.
Q: What themes unite world art?
A: Religion, nature, and humanity’s search for balance and meaning
Q: Kouros
A: Archaic Greek statue of a young man; rigid but freestanding.
Q: Hydria
A: Three-handled Greek water jar.
Q: Amphora
A: Two-handled storage jar for wine, oil, or honey.
Q: Doric Order
A: Simple, sturdy column with no base and plain capital
Q: Ionic Order
A: Column with scroll-shaped (volute) capital and a base.
Q: Corinthian Order
A: Most ornate order; decorated with acanthus leaves
Q: Pediment
A: Triangular section above columns on a Greek temple.
Q: Frieze
A: Decorative sculptural band along a wall’s upper section.
Q: Entablature
A: Upper part of a temple, consisting of the frieze and cornice.
Q: Column
A: Upright pillar supporting a structure.
Q: Stylobate
A: Platform or top step upon which columns rest.
Q: Arch
A: Curved architectural element that spans an opening.
Q: Vault
A: Series of arches forming a tunnel-like ceiling.
Q: Dome
A: Rounded roof formed from a series of arches.
Q: Aqueduct
A: Elevated channel for transporting water.
Q: Colosseum
A: Roman amphitheater for public spectacles.
Q: Basilica
A: Large Roman hall for meetings; later adapted for churches.
Q: Triumphal Arch
A: Monumental arch celebrating military victories.
Q: Idealism
A: Artistic pursuit of perfect form and beauty.
Q: Realism
A: Artistic focus on lifelike detail and individuality.