Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to microbial pathogenicity.

Infectious Disease

A disease caused by pathogens that can be transmitted from one host to another.

Noninfectious Disease

A disease that cannot be transmitted between hosts, often due to genetic or environmental factors.

Koch's Postulates

A set of criteria used to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease.

LD50

The lethal dose of a pathogen required to kill 50% of a test population.

Endotoxin

A toxic substance released from the outer membrane of certain bacteria, often causing shock and inflammation.

Exotoxin

Toxins secreted by bacteria that can disrupt cell membranes or interfere with cellular processes.

Antigenic Variation

The process by which pathogens alter their surface proteins to evade the immune response.

Adhesion Factors

Molecular structures that allow pathogens to adhere to host cells and tissues.

Nosocomial Infection

An infection acquired in a hospital setting.

Iatrogenic Infection

An infection caused by medical intervention.

Virulence Factors

Molecules produced by pathogens that contribute to their ability to cause disease.