Modile 1,2,3,4 OBJECTIVES

Watch the short videos below.  Discuss the New World that the Europeans encountered when they arrived here.  Also discuss the Native American perceptions of the European settlers.  What did the Europeans feel they were accomplishing by coming into the New World? How did the Native Americans respond to these encounters and attempts at civilizing projects by the Europeans? Discuss both Native American and European life and society in the early North American settlements.

When the Europeans arrived in the New World, they encountered diverse and complex Native American societies, as well as a thick and rough wilderness. The Europeans believed they were accomplishing their mission to spread civilization to the "savage" populations. However, their attempts at civilizing the Native Americans often resulted in exploitation, enslavement, and the spread of diseases to which the Native Americans had no immunity. The Native Americans responded with varying degrees of resistance, with some even capturing European settlers. Early North American settlements saw a stark contrast between the lifestyles of the Europeans and the Native Americans. European settlements were hierarchical, with a focus on agriculture and trade, while Native American societies were more communal and focused on hunting and gathering. These differing cultures led to challenges in relations and trade between the two groups, often resulting in conflict.

The Thirteen (13) permanent colonies established in the New World in the 17th and 18th centuries were founded for a variety of reasons.  Based on your reading of the textbook and audio-visual resources available, discuss the major reasons why the colonies were founded.  IN your answers, be sure to talk about the personalities involved in founding each colony and the type of colony (royal, proprietary or charter colony) when founded.

Virginia was founded for economic gain through tobacco production, it was a Royal Colony and John Rolfe helped found it. Massachusetts was founded for religious freedom by the Puritans, it was a Charter Colony. Maryland was founded as a haven for Catholics, it was a Proprietary Colony. Connecticut was founded for religious and economic reasons by the Puritans, it was a Charter Colony. Rhode Island was founded for religious freedom by Baptists and other dissenters, it was a Charter Colony. New York was founded for economic gain and as a haven for Dutch settlers, it was a Royal Colony. New Jersey was founded for economic gain, it was a Proprietary Colony. Pennsylvania was founded for religious freedom by Quakers, it was a Proprietary Colony. Delaware founded for economic gain, it was a Proprietary Colony. North Carolina  founded for economic gain through agriculture, it was a Royal Colony. South Carolina was founded for economic gain through agriculture, it was a Royal Colony. New Hampshire was founded for fishing and trade, it was a Royal Colony. Georgia was  founded as a buffer between Spanish Florida and the Carolinas, it was a Royal Colony.

Carnes and Garraty, chapter 5

How do colonists, specifically, Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson, express their discontent with Great Britain? What SPECIFIC issues do they both talk about in their respective documents.  

Thomas Paine wrote “common sense” detailing all of the things Britain had done to the colonists. He also detailed why he believes the monarchy goes against the wishes of God, and why the colonists would be better off without Britain. His writing encouraged a lot of American colonists to agree with him. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence. This document officially told Great Britain that the American colonists were unhappy with the way their government was treating them and saying they weren’t being treated as equals and their natural rights weren’t being respected. Their writings are a major part of why America began fighting for their freedom.

Beginning of the Republic- Carnes & Garraty: 112-141 

What key events created a growing rift between Great Britain and the United States? Be specific and include some of the specific people involved with specific events.  

After the French and Indian War,  King George III began taxing the colonists with taxes like the stamp act in order to pay their debts. The angry colonists, one of which being Paul Revere, protested a different tax on tea by throwing a shipment of tea into the Boston Harbor. This event caused the King to pass the intolerable acts which angered the colonists even more. Another reason the colonists were angry was events like the Boston Massacre and the Battle at Lexington and Concord. The Boston Massacre resulted in the deaths of 5 colonists at the hands of British soldiers. The battle at Lexington and Concord was the final straw for a lot of colonists. The culmination of all these events left many colonists extremely angry and willing to go to war for their freedom.

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 The Stamp Act of 1765 an act of the British Parliament in 1765 that exacted revenue from the American colonies by imposing a stamp duty on newspapers and legal and commercial documents. Colonial opposition led to the act's repeal in 1766 and helped encourage the revolutionary movement against the Crown.

          The Boston Massacre was a street fight that occurred on March 5, 1770, between a "patriot" mob, throwing snowballs, stones, and sticks, and a squad of British soldiers. Several colonists were killed and this led to a campaign by speech-writers to rouse the ire of the citizenry.

            For the British, 73 were killed, 174 were wounded, and 26 were missing. While the colonists lost many minutemen, the Battles of Lexington and Concord were considered a major military victory and displayed to the British and King George III that unjust behavior would not be tolerated in America.

Carnes & Garraty: chapter 6

Why was the Articles of Confederation inadequate to meet the needs of a new nation?  What were the central principles behind the Constitution? What key compromises were necessary? Why was a separate Bill of Rights necessary?

    The Articles of Confederation were the United States' first tangible constitution. As the American Revolution was ending the Articles of Confederation were formed, but it soon proved to be insufficient for the new nation. The Articles of Confederation had no authority and struggled to deal with the British, Spanish, and its own citizens. The constitution was built on a right to property and to have power divided and balanced between the federal and state government. Both small and large states came to a compromise to keep the power equal. Furthermore, a separate Bill of Rights was necessary for the new constitution to ensure that citizens keep their natural rights and to keep fear out of states' minds that the national government will become too powerful. After many alterations to the Articles of Confederation, it soon became the constitution we now know today.

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The Articles of Confederation were not a strong enough central government in order to make the nation work. With the articles of confederation, the government couldn’t collect taxes, create a federal army, or print any money that could be used in every state. The constitutions main principles were a central government where no one person or group had all the power. In order for the constitution to be passed, the federalists had to compromise. One way they compromised by making two houses of government one where every state gets the same amount of representatives, and one based on population. Another compromise was the creation of the bill of rights. The bill of rights ensured that the citizens had certain rights that would always be protected.

 Carnes & Garraty: chapter 7

What are the key ideas of Jeffersonian democracy? Who were included in democracy according to Jefferson? Who were excluded? What were the chief accomplishments and failings of Jeffersonian democracy?

    The Jeffersonian democracy is a philosophy that was led by Thomas Jefferson that believed that the power of a nation lies within its citizens. The key ideas of the Jeffersonian democracy were to make political power be controlled by the people, to authorize more people to vote and to help America soon become a democracy.  According to Jefferson, independent farmers, bankers, landowners, and merchants were included in democracy. In contrast, it did not include slaves and women in the democracy. Furthermore, the Jeffersonian democracy had many achievements and shortcomings. Two of the main achievements were that the Jeffersonian democracy showed that normal citizens could rule together without the need for conflict and it also helped build up American businesses.  A fault of the Jeffersonian democracy was that Jefferson disliked taxes, so the American government wasn’t able to reimburse their debt at a steady pace. Overall the Jeffersonian democracy helped paved the way for the democratic government we have today.

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Thomas Jefferson was an important figure in American politics who championed the idea of Jeffersonian democracy. This political philosophy held that the power of the federal government should be limited and that individual liberties should be protected. Jefferson thought that democracy should be extended to all white men, regardless of their social or economic status. However, he excluded women, African Americans, and Native Americans from his vision of democracy. One of the chief accomplishments of Jeffersonian democracy was the Louisiana Purchase, which greatly expanded the territory of the United States. However, Jefferson's failure to abolish slavery during his presidency remains a significant failing of his political legacy. Jefferson also faced criticism for his treatment of Native Americans, who were forcibly removed from their lands during his presidency. Jeffersonian democracy had a profound impact on American politics and society, his idea of limited government is still popular even today.

Writing Assignment: Thomas Jefferson

You can thank Thomas Jefferson for the mac and cheese on your Thanksgiving table, Dwayne

Yancey

Thomas Jefferson is best known for his role in writing the Declaration of Independence and

serving as the third President of the United States. But Jefferson's influence on America extended

beyond politics, he has been credited as the creator of macaroni and cheese. Although it is not

certain whether Jefferson introduced macaroni and cheese to America, he discovered pasta

during his time as the American minister to France. He fell in love with pasta and other Italian

food, sending his private secretary to Italy on a reconnaissance mission that included learning

how to make cheeses and obtaining a macaroni mold. However, it was actually Jefferson's

enslaved chef, James Hemings, who is credited with developing the macaroni and cheese recipe

that Jefferson claimed to have created. Macaroni and cheese has become a staple side dish in

many American households, particularly during Thanksgiving. It is said to be the most popular

side dish in Virginia, where Jefferson's Monticello estate is located. While Jefferson's

achievements and failures, such as the Louisiana Purchase and his ownership of slaves, are often

celebrated or criticized, his influence on American cuisine is less well-known. Nevertheless, his

appreciation of Italian pasta and cheese, and his role in promoting it in America, has left a lasting

legacy on the country's family dinners

Writing Assignment: Andrew Jackson

“What the Politics of Andrew Jackson’s Era Can Tell Us About Today” Jackie Mansky

The article discusses Steve Inskeeps book Jacksonland and how the history discussed in it

reflects today. Inskeep tells about Andrew Jackson's opponent, John Ross, who was a mixed-race

politician who fought against Jackson on the issue of the Indian Removal Act. He details how the

Indian Removal Act affected history to this day and how the emotions are still playing into

modern politics. Inskeep says that, in his opinion, Jackson and modern president Donald Trump

had many similarities in personalities. They both fought for their side fiercely, with little to no

regard for who they hurt on the opposing end. He also mentions redesigning of the US 20$ bill.

His opinion was to have Jackson on one side, and Ross on the other to show the struggle of

democracy and the idea that there is no one right side. The U.S. government decided to have

Jackson on one side and Harriet Tubman on the other and Inskeep says he likes that as well, that

it shows the two sides of democracy, with Jackson being a slave owner and Harriet Tubman

being famous for freeing slaves on the underground railroad

WAR of1812- Carnes & Garraty chapters 8-10

Why did the United States go to war with Britain in 1812? Why was the War of 1812 reagrded by some as a "great farce?"

The United States and British relations have always been strained. Before the War of 1812, British ships would seize American ships and force American sailors into the British navy. Undeniably, this made many American citizens furious which made many want to start conflict. In response, the American government made a new law called “Macon’s Bill No.2” which prohibited British ships from entering American waters. Napoleon ignored America’s new law and continuously kept seizing American ships. Another reason that the United States wanted to go to war with Britain is that American settlers felt that the British were egging on the Native Americans to cause conflict in the colonies and they also wanted to defend their national honor. Furthermore, the War of 1812 war was thought of as a great farce because many thought that the war was full of incompetence and neither the British nor the United States had major reasons for starting a war.

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The United States went to war with Britain in 1812 because of British violations of American neutrality and trade restrictions, impressment of American sailors into British service, and British support for Native American tribes resisting American expansion. However, the war was regarded by some as a "great farce" because it was poorly planned and executed, and many of the military campaigns were unsuccessful. The war ended in a stalemate, with no significant wins for either side, and many Americans felt that the conflict was unnecessary and expensive.

Jacksonian Democracy- Required Reading: Carnes & Garraty chapters 8-10

What is Jacksonian democracy? How did Andrew Jackson bring "the common man" into American national politics? Who was excluded from Jackson's definition of "the common man?"

The Jacksonian democracy indicates the time when Andrew Jackson became president and made the Democratic party and celebrated the idea of the “common man”. With Jackson’s advertising, he created the idea of mass political parties. Andrew Jackson brought the “common man” into American politics by highlighting that all men are equal and therefore they all have a say in government. For example, Jackson made public office positions elective rather than appointive to give the right to the people and also by making congressmen be appointed by popular vote in most states. Even though Jackson brought about the idea of the “common man” his definition didn’t extend to women, Native Americans, and African Americans.

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Jacksonian democracy was named after Andrew Jackson’s idea of democracy. Jackson believed that ordinary Americans should have a greater say in politics, and he sought to make the government more democratic. Jackson supported policies such as the expansion of voting rights, the establishment of party conventions to nominate candidates, and the use of the spoils system to reward political supporters with government jobs. By doing so, he made American national politics more accessible to the “common man.” However, Jackson’s definition of the “common man” excluded African Americans, women, and Native Americans. Even going so far as to pass the India. Removal Act, which removed many Native Americans from their homelands and started the trail of tears.