Gross Veterinary Anatomy – Muscles of Head, Neck, Trunk & Tail

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key muscles, actions, and innervations from the Gross Veterinary Anatomy laboratory notes.

The muscle that moves the skin of the neck and is innervated by Cranial nerve VII is __.

Sphincter colli superficialis

__ draws the lip caudally and tenses the skin.

Platysma

The muscle originating at the base of the ear and tensing the neck skin is the __.

Sphincter colli profundus

The circular muscle that purses the lip is the __.

Orbicularis oris

Drawing the mouth caudally and dorsally is accomplished by __.

Zygomaticus

The muscle that elevates the upper lip from the orbit is __.

Levator labii superioris

Raising the upper lip and flaring the nostrils are functions of the __ muscle.

Caninus

Returning food from the vestibule to the teeth is the job of __.

Buccinator

Elevation of the lower lip and chin is produced by __.

Mentalis

Elevation of the upper lip and dilation of the nostrils is done by __.

Levator nasolabialis

__ muscle closes the eyelids and is innervated by Cranial nerve VII.

Orbicularis oculi

Retraction and elevation of the lateral part of the lower eyelid are performed by __.

Retractor anguli oculi lateralis

Lifting the medial part of the upper eyelid is the function of __.

Levator anguli oculi medialis

The primary elevator of the upper eyelid is __.

Levator palpebrae superioris

Pulling the scalp posteriorly and elevating eyebrows is performed by __ muscle.

Occipitalis

Closing the mouth through elevation of the mandible is chiefly the role of __.

Masseter

The large closing muscle of the mouth arising from parietal and temporal bones is __.

Temporalis

Opening of the mouth is primarily caused by the __ muscle.

Digastricus

Rotation of the eyeball mediated by Cranial nerve IV is the action of __.

Dorsal oblique

The __ muscle, innervated by Cranial nerve III, rotates the eyeball from its origin on the palatine-maxillary-lacrimal region.

Ventral oblique

Movement of the eyeball laterally is achieved by __, innervated by Cranial nerve VI.

Lateral rectus

Retraction of the eyeball is due to __.

Retractor bulbi

Depression of the tongue and its retraction are functions of __.

Hyoglossus

Extension and depression of the tongue from the mandible are actions of __.

Genioglossus

Intrinsic movement of the tongue is attributed to __.

Lingual proper

Pulling the basihyoid bone caudally is done by __.

Sternohyoideus

Drawing the hyoid bone caudally and dorsally is the action of __.

Thyrohyoideus

Raising the floor of the mouth and drawing the hyoid rostrally are functions of __.

Mylohyoideus

Decreasing the angle between thyrohyoid and ceratohyoid bones is achieved by __.

Ceratohyoideus

Drawing the hyoid apparatus cranially from the intermandibular articulation is done by __.

Geniohyoideus

Moving the stylohyoid bone caudally is the role of __.

Occipitohyoideus

Elevating and drawing the hyoid bone is accomplished by __.

Stylohyoideus

Flexion of the atlanto-occipital joint ventrally involves __.

Rectus capitis ventralis

Extension of the atlanto-occipital joint is produced by __.

Rectus capitis dorsalis major and minor

Lateral flexion of the head and atlas is by __.

Rectus capitis lateralis

Rotation and lateral flexion of the head by a muscle from atlas to occipital bone is performed by __.

Obliquus capitis cranialis

Extension and lateral flexion of the head by a muscle from axis to occiput is performed by __.

Obliquus capitis caudalis

Extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of head and neck from cervical/thoracic spines to the mastoid process are performed by __.

Splenius capitis

Flexing head and neck from the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae is the function of __.

Longus capitis

Fixation of the neck and drawing the limb cranially via the clavicular tendon and humerus involve __.

Brachiocephalicus

The portion of brachiocephalicus that inserts on the humerus and draws the limb cranially is __.

Cleidobrachialis

The portion of brachiocephalicus that inserts on the neck and draws the limb cranially is __.

Cleidocephalicus

Drawing the limb forward from scapula to atlas/axis is done by __.

Omotransversarius

Lateral flexion of head and neck from the manubrium to the skull is performed by __.

Sterno­cephalicus

Neck movement by a muscle spanning the first six thoracic vertebrae to the atlas is due to __.

Longus colli

The dorsal part of scalenus attaching C3-C6 to ribs 3-9 is __.

Scalenus dorsalis

Supporting the trunk via a serrated attachment of the cervical part is done by __.

Serratus ventralis cervicis

Elevation of the limb by drawing it forward is the action of __.

Trapezius

Supporting and moving the limb, innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve, is the function of __.

Latissimus dorsi

Movement of the limb from neck and occipital bone to scapula is enabled by __ cervicis.

Rhomboideus cervicis

Drawing the last three to four ribs caudally during expiration is performed by __.

Serratus dorsalis caudalis

Inspiration via lifting ribs 2-10 is effected by __.

Serratus dorsalis cranialis

Fixation of the vertebral column by a muscle from the os coxae to ribs 10-13 is accomplished by __.

Iliocostalis lumborum

Pulling the ribs caudally by a muscle between ribs is the action of __ thoracis.

Iliocostalis thoracis

Extending the vertebral column via a long muscle from thoracic vertebrae to cervical vertebrae is done by __.

Longissimus thoracis et lumborum

Extending the neck through a muscle from thoracic to cervical vertebrae is the role of __.

Longissimus cervicis

Fixation of thoracic vertebrae and neck extension by the spinalis group is the function of __.

Spinalis thoracis

Rotation of the thoracic vertebral column is performed by __.

Rotatores

The interspinal muscles that fix the vertebral column are called __.

Interspinales

Lateral flexion and stabilization of the spine are provided by __ muscles.

Intertransversarii

Inspiration by elevating ribs T1-T12 is done by __.

Levatores costarum

The caudal border of one rib to the cranial border of the next constitutes __ muscles.

Intercostales externi

Expiration by internal intercostal muscles is accomplished by __.

Intercostales interni

Expiration muscle spanning the sternum and ribs 2-4 is __.

Rectus thoracis

The thin muscle on the inner thoracic wall aiding expiration is __.

Transversus thoracis

The major abdominal muscle oriented caudo-ventrally from ribs is __.

Obliquus abdominis externus

The deepest lateral abdominal muscle inserting on the linea alba is __.

Transversus abdominis

Ipsilateral protective skin twitch is mediated by __.

Cutaneous trunci

The levator of the tail from sacrum to caudal vertebrae (lateral part) is __.

Sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis

The depressor of the tail from sacrum to caudal vertebrae (ventro-lateral part) is __.

Sacrocaudalis ventralis lateralis

Drawing the tail sideways from the ischiatic spine to caudal vertebrae is performed by __.

Coccygeus

Aiding in defecation by a longitudinal muscle of the rectum is the role of __.

Rectococcygeus

The external anal sphincter muscle surrounding the anus is __.

Sphincter ani externus

Retraction of the penis or clitoris is the role of __.

Retractor penis / clitoridis

Orbicularis oris is innervated by __.

Cranial nerve VII

Digastricus receives motor supply from __.

Cranial nerve V

Eye rotation via dorsal oblique is controlled by __ cranial nerve.

Cranial nerve IV

The lateral rectus and retractor bulbi are supplied by __.

Cranial nerve VI

All extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles are innervated by __.

Cranial nerve XII

Sternohyoideus receives innervation from cervical spinal nerves and the __ nerve.

Hypoglossal

Serratus ventralis cervicis is supplied by __ spinal nerves.

Cervical

Both the trapezius and __ muscles are supplied by the accessory nerve.

Omotransversarius

Expiration together with abdominal press during urination and parturition is aided by the __ muscle.

Rectus abdominis

The muscle that fixes the thoracic vertebrae and extends the neck, originating from the 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae, is __.

Spinalis cervicis

Drawing ribs 9-11 together during expiration is performed by __.

Subcostales

The \\ muscle originates at the base of the ear.

Sphincter colli profundus

The \\ muscle arises from the parietal and temporal bones.

Temporalis

Identify the muscle that originates on the palatine-maxillary-lacrimal region and rotates the eyeball.

Ventral oblique

The portion of brachiocephalicus that inserts on the humerus is \\.

Cleidobrachialis

The portion of brachiocephalicus that inserts on the neck is \\.

Cleidocephalicus

The muscle performing rotation and lateral flexion of the head which extends from the atlas to the occipital bone is \\.\n\n

Obliquus capitis cranialis

The muscle that extends from the axis to the occiput, causing extension and lateral flexion of the head, is \\.\n\n

Obliquus capitis caudalis

The \\ muscle originates from cervical/thoracic spines and inserts on the mastoid process.

Splenius capitis

The \\ muscle, which flexes the head and neck, originates from the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae.

Longus capitis

The \\ muscle extends from the manubrium to the skull.

Sterno­cephalicus

The \\ muscle spans from the first six thoracic vertebrae to the atlas.

Longus colli

The dorsal part of scalenus, \\, attaches from C3-C6 to ribs 3-9.

Scalenus dorsalis

The \\ muscle originates from the os coxae and inserts on ribs 10-13.

Iliocostalis lumborum

The \\ muscle extends from thoracic vertebrae to cervical vertebrae.

Longissimus thoracis et lumborum

The \\ muscle extends from thoracic to cervical vertebrae to extend the neck.

Longissimus cervicis