Intro to Tech Final Study Guide

Copyright

The exclusive legal right to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artist, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

Creative Commons

A collection of public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work, used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that they have created

Intellectual Property

A work or invention that is the result of creativity, such as a piece of writing or a design, to which one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc.

Public Domain

Anyone can use the work, in any way they want.

Bandwidth

 The maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second

Computing Device

A machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

Computing System

A group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

Computing Network

A group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data.

Path

The series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver

Protocol

A well known set of rules and standards used to communicate between machines

World Wide Web

An information system on the internet which allows documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by moving from one document to another.

Router

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

Packet

A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all

Element

An individual value in a list that is assigned a unique index

Index

A common method for referencing the elements in a list or string using numbers

List

An ordered collection of elements

Iteration

A repetitive portion of an algorithm which repeats a specified number of times or until a given condition is met

Infinite loop

Occurs when the ending condition will never evaluate to true

Traversal

The process of accessing each item in a list one at a time

While Loop

Uses a boolean condition to repeatedly run a block of code. If it is true it runs the block of code contained within it. This process of checking the condition and running the block of code is repeated as long as the boolean condition remains true Once it becomes false it will stop.

For Loop

Condenses the parts of the while loop into a shorter statement. Similar to a while loop, once the Boolean expression become false, the loop ends

Comparison Operators

< (less than), > (greater than), <= (less than or equal to), >= (greater than or equal to), == (equal to), != (does  not equal) indicate a Boolean expression

Logical Operators

NOT (!), AND (&&), and OR (ll), which evaluate to a Boolean value

Logical errors

Your code follows the rules of the programming language but doesn't do what you intend

Syntax errors

Your code doesn’t follow the rules of the programming language

Variables

A named reference to a value that can be used repeatedly throughout a program

Global Variable

Can be used anywhere in code (Permanent)

Var used outside onEvent()

Local Variable

Can be used only once in the part of the code where it was created (Temporary)

Inside an onEvent(). 

Deleted once onEvent() is done running

Expression

A combination of operators and values that evaluates to a single value

String

An ordered sequence of characters

Assignment Operator

Allows a program to change the value represented by a variable

Boolean Value

A data type that is either true or false

Conditional Statement

Affects the sequential flow of control by executing different statements based on the value of a Boolean expression

Function

A named group of programming instructions. Also referred to as a “procedure”.

Function Call

A command that executes the code within a function