BIO245 – Digestive System and Urinary System

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on the digestive and urinary systems.

What are the main functions of the digestive system?

To take in food, extract nutrients, and eliminate residue.

What is mastication?

The process of chewing food.

Define deglutition.

The process of swallowing.

What is peristalsis?

The movement of food through the digestive tract.

What is the role of the alimentary canal?

It is a muscular tube that processes food from ingestion to defecation.

What is the function of saliva?

Cleanses the mouth, moistens food, and begins chemical breakdown.

How many teeth do adults typically have?

32 teeth.

What is the role of the stomach in digestion?

It performs mechanical digestion and secretes digestive enzymes.

What are the phases of gastric regulation?

Cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase.

What is the function of the small intestine?

Major site for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Where does nutrient absorption occur in the small intestine?

It occurs primarily in the jejunum.

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

What is the function of the liver?

Processes nutrients and produces bile.

What triggers the release of bile?

The hormone cholecystokinin (CCK).

What is the main purpose of the kidneys in the urinary system?

To filter blood and produce urine.

What are the three main processes of urine formation?

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.

What does GFR stand for?

Glomerular Filtration Rate.

What components are found in urine?

Nitrogenous wastes, ions, and water.

What stimulates the release of aldosterone?

Renin-angiotensin mechanism.

What is micturition?

The process of urination.