ap psych part 2 unit 3 test

According to Freud, ________ is the process by which children incorporate their parents' values into their ________.

A. reaction formation; egos

B. reaction formation; superegos

C. identification; superegos

D. identification; egos

identification; superegos

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are methods of reducing

A. anger

B. fear

C. anxiety

D. lust

anxiety

With regard to personality, it appears that

A. there is little consistency of behavior from one situation to the next, but significant consistency of traits over the lifespan

B. there is significant consistency of behavior from one situation to the next and significant consistency of traits over the lifespan

C. there is little consistency of behavior from one situation to the next and little consistency of traits over the lifespan

D. there is significant consistency of behavior from one situation to the next, but little consistency of traits over the lifespan

there is little consistency of behavior from one situation to the next, but significant consistency of traits over the lifespan

Which theory focuses on increasing desired actions and decreasing unwanted actions through classical or operant conditioning?

A. humanistic

B. social-cognitive

C. psychoanalytic

D. behavioristic

E. trait

behavioristic

Fred constantly complains that no one trusts him. In reality, Fred does not trust others. He does not really trust himself. The anxiety created by his own lack of trust leads him to subconsciously attribute that fault or responsibility to others. Defending himself by disguising his own threatening feelings and impulses in this way is called

A. projection

B. repression

C. denial

D. regression

E. reaction formation

projection

According to Rogers, three conditions are necessary to promote growth in personality. These are

A. high self-esteem, honesty, and empathy

B. genuineness, acceptance, and empathy

C. high self-esteem, acceptance, and honesty

D. high self-esteem, genuineness, and acceptance

E. honesty, sincerity, and empathy

genuineness, acceptance, and empathy

Projective tests such as the Rorschach inkblot test have been criticized because

A. they have low reliability and low validity

B. it is easy for people to fake answers in order to appear healthy

C. they were standardized with unrepresentative samples

D. their scoring system is too rigid and leads to unfair labeling

they have low reliability and low validity

An eclectic psychotherapist

A. uses a variety of techniques, depending on the client and the problem

B. uses one particular technique, such as psychoanalysis or counter-conditioning, in treating disorders

C. takes a nondirective approach in helping clients solve their problems

D. views psychological disorders as usually stemming from one cause, such as biological abnormality

uses a variety of techniques, depending on the client and the problem

A major criticism of the trait theory is that it

A. places too great an emphasis on positive traits

B. underestimates the importance of heredity in personality development

C. places too great an emphasis on early childhood experiences

D. overestimates the consistency of behavior in different situations

overestimates the consistency of behavior in different situations

Research on locus of control indicates that internals are ________ than externals.

A. more dependent

B. more sociable

C. more intelligent

D. better able to cope with stress

E. more depressed

better able to cope with stress

A psychoanalyst would characterize a person who is impulsive and self-indulgent as possessing a strong ________ and a weak ________.

A. id; ego and superego

B. superego; ego

C. ego; superego

D. id and ego; superego

E. id; superego

id; superego

Id is to ego as ________ is to ________ .

A. reality principle; pleasure principle

B. pleasure principle; reality principle

C. conscience; "personality executive"

D. conscious forces; unconscious forces

pleasure principle; reality principle

Which of the following is the correct order of psychosexual changes proposed by Freud?

A. oral; anal; phallic; latency; genital

B. anal; oral; genital; latency; phallic

C. oral; phallic; anal; genital; latency

D. oral; anal; genital; latency; phallic

E. anal; oral; phallic; latency; genital

oral; anal; phallic; latency; genital

With which of the following statements would a social-cognitive psychologist agree?

A. People with an internal locus of control achieve more in school.

B. "Externals" are better able to cope with stress than "internals."

C. "Internals" are more dependent than "externals."

D. All of the above are true.

People with an internal locus of control achieve more in school.

Suzy bought a used, high-mileage automobile because it was all she could afford. Attempting to justify her purchase, she raves to her friends about the car's attractiveness, good acceleration, and stereo. According to Freud, Suzy is using the defense mechanism of

A. projection

B. displacement

C. rationalization

D. reaction formation

rationalization

The humanistic perspective on personality

A. emphasizes the driving force of unconscious motivations in personality

B. describes personality in terms of scores on various personality scales

C. emphasizes the growth potential of "healthy" individuals

D. emphasizes the importance of interaction with the environment in shaping personality

emphasizes the growth potential of "healthy" individuals