APUSH - Time Period 7

1890s - 1940s

D-Day

Military Operation by American forces in Normandy beginning June 6, 1944; Led to the liberation of France

Island Hopping

American Navy attacked islands by Japanese in Pacific Ocean. The capture of each island brought Navy closer to Japan invasion.

Executive Order 9066

Signed by FDR Feb 19, 1942; Authorized secretary of war to designate military zones from which categories of people could be excluded. After Pearl Harbor, led to 170k Japanese to be removed from West military zone and moved to prison-like camps.

ABC Agreement

Between Britain and Us stating should US enter WWII, the two nations would be allies. “Get Germany First”

Beacero Program

Established agreement with Mexican government to recruit temp. Mexican farmers to US to make up for wartime labor shortages; sponsored more than 4.5 million border crossings

Fair Employment Practices Commission

Threatened with “Negro March on Washington” to demand equal opportunities in war jobs and in Military. FDR issued executive order to forbid racial discrimination

Battle of Midway

Pivotal naval battle fought near island of Midway June 3-6, 1942. The victory halted Japanese advances in the Pacific

Manhattan Project

Codename for American commission in 1942 to develop atomic bomb; First experimental bomb detonated in New Mexico July 16, 1945; Dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki August 6 and 9, 1945

Dwight Eisenhower

Supreme commander of Us forces in Europe during WWII; Later became 34th president. During his terms (1952 - 1960) he presided over economic prosperous 1950s. Not as assertive on Civil Rights

Harry Truman

FDR’s Vice President who became President after FDR’s death. Served another term in close election of 1948. As President, he chose to use nuclear weapons against Japan.

Hundred Days

First 100 days of FDR’s term, March 9 to June 16 1933, unprecedented number of reform bills by congress to launch new deal.

National Recovery Administration

New Deal program designed to assist industry, labor, and unemployed via mechanisms that monitored worker’s earnings and hours to distribute work.

Agriculture Adjustment Administration

New Deal program designed to raise agriculture priced by paying farmers not to farm based on assumption that higher prices = more farmers’ purchasing power

Dust Bowl

Nickname for Great Plains devastated by drought and dust storms in 1930’s

Keynesianism

Economic theory based on British economist John Maynard Keynes, saying banks should adjust interest rates to increase, purchasing power and prosperity

Harry Hopkins

Major architects of new deal; lead federal emergency relief administration, and Works progress administration; Roosevelt’s assistant

Social Security Act

New deal accomplishment; provided unemployment insurance for older people by taxing payroll

Francis Perkins

First woman cabinet member; Roosevelt’s secretary of labor

Huey Long

Louisiana governor and US senator; anti-new deal “share our wealth program"; gunned down in 1935

Isolationism

Traditional believe that US should refrain from involvement in overseas policies, alliances, or wars

Fascism

Far-right and authoritarian political ideology and movement, characterized by strict, social and economic control, and centralized government

Manchuria

Region in north east Asia disputed over by Russia, China, and Japan between World War I and World War II

Good Neighbor Policy

Departure from Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe doctrine; stressed non-intervention in Latin America. Begin by Herbert Hoover, but associated with Franklin D Roosevelt.

Rome-Berlin Axis

Nazi Germany and fascist Italy, led by Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini allied themselves together under this treaty

Appeasement

Policy followed by liters of Britain and France in 1938 conference in Munich; purpose was to avoid war, but allowed Germany to take Sudetenland

America First Committee

Isolationist advocacy group formed in September 19 40 opposed American intervention in World War II had 800,000 members at peak but dissipated following Pearl Harbor

Lend Lease

Law, abandoning former neutrality by allowing Americans to sell arms to nations against axis powers. Motto: “Send Guns, not Sons”

Atlantic Charter

Meeting on worship off coast of Newfoundland in August 1941. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, signed covenant outlining future path toward disarmament, peace, and permanent system of general security.

Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister, who led Britain to victory in World War II

Red Scare

A period of intense anti-communism. "Palmer raids" resulted in about 6000 deportations of "subversive" activities.

Herlem Renaissance

African-American writers, musicians and social thinkers, celebrating Black culture around Harlem in the 1920s

Immigration Act of 1924

Law establishing quotas for US immigration from southern and eastern Europe. Immigration from Asia stopped all together.

Volstead Act

Federal act in forcing the 18th amendment: prohibited manufacturing sale and transportation of alcohol

Fundamentalism

Protestant Christian movement, emphasizing literal truth of the Bible and opposing modern religion

Hawley Smoot Tariff

Highest protective tariff in peacetime history. Past because of horse trading; law implemented protectionist trade policy in US.

Black Tuesday

October 19, 1929: over 16,140,000 shares were sold on Wall Street; trigger to great depression

Hoovervilles

Shanty towns were victims of great depression slept under newspapers, intense. Name tarnished reputation of Hoover administration.

Bonus Expeditionary Force

Group of 20,000 veterans who marched in Washington to demand payment of bonuses from World War I. MacArthur used gas to disperse them.

Palmer Raids

Led by attorney general Mitchell Palmer; Attempt to arrest foreign and anarchists, communists, and radical leftists, many were deported.

Scopes Trial

1925 court case in Dayton, Tennessee over issue of teaching evolution in public schools. Fundamentalists won case, but we're ridiculed by national press.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

1928; "outlawed” war in 62 nations, triumphs of 1920s peace movement

Dawes Plan

Arrangement in 1924 to reschedule Germany's payments to US; Stabilized German currency, and allowed more American loans to Germany.