Summary DNA repair mechanisms

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8 Terms

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what happens if an enzyme involved in DNA repair is mutated

this increases your chances of cancer bc DNA is not repaired as well (damage aka mutations accumulate)

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BER

uses glycosylases to repair often occuring chemically modified bases (eg GU or GT mismatch), it mus act before replication

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why must BER act before replication

to prevent mutation fixation (permanent genetic error), ie during replication the U (chemically modified base) would pair with a A, changing the original GC to a TA

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mismatch excision repair

detects mismatches and small insertion/deletion after behind the replication fork, it acts after replication

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why does mismatch repair act after replication

because the goal is to fix errors made by DNA polymerase that are not recognized by DNA polymerase’s proofreading. is behi

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NER

removes chemically modified bases such as bases induced by ultra violet light. NER gives priority to transcribed DNA but there is a genome wide variant

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NHEJ (DSB)

repairs DSB but causes mutations at the repair junction

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HR (DSB)

repairs DSBs with high fidelity, and is mainly active during S phase when replication forks collapse and a homolog is in close proximity