Erythrocyte complete

define buffy coat (Abnormalities)

white blood cells, platlets

define hematocrit (Abnormalities)

red blood cells

what is it (Abnormalities)

normal blood

what is it (Abnormalities)

anemia

what is it (Abnormalities)

polycythemia

what causes anemia (7) (Abnormalities)

1. Decreased production of RBC’s and/or hemoglobin

2. Increased destruction (hemolysis)

3. Inappropriate loss (hemorrhage)

4. iron deficiency

5. hemorrhage

6. RBC parasites

7. radiation therapy for cancer

what are the clinical signs of anemia (10) (Abnormalities)

1. Pale mm

2. Tachycardia

3. Tachypnea

4. Anorexia

5. Lethargy,

6. weakness

7. +/- icterus (intravascular)

8. +/- hepatomegaly, splenomegaly (extravascular)

9. Necrosis of distal extremities

10. Heart murmur (occasionally)

define Regenerative Anemia (Abnormalities)

an anemia with a Concurrent reticulocytosis

what does Regenerative Anemia indicate (Abnormalities)

bone marrow is regenerating replacement erythrocytes

what does regeneritie anemia look like on blood smear (Abnormalities)

Increased polychromatophil

what is it (Abnormalities)

macrocyte

how to identify macrocytes (Abnormalities)

larger than normal RBC

what is happening (Abnormalities)

hypochromasia

define hypochromasia (Abnormalities)

Decreased density of hemoglobin

what is it (Abnormalities)

Anisocytosis

define Anisocytosis (Abnormalities)

Variation in size of RBCs

what is it (Abnormalities)

Howell-Jolly bodies

define Howell-Jolly bodies (Abnormalities)

Nuclear remnants seen in mature RBCs

what is it (Abnormalities)

Codocytes

Codocytes are aka (Abnormalities)

Target cells

what is it (Abnormalities)

Basophilic stippling

define Basophilic stippling (Abnormalities)

RBCs contain abnormal RNA

what is it (Abnormalities)

nucleasted RBC

what are cells that apear in regeneritive anemia (7) (Abnormalities)

1. Macrocytes

2. Hypochromasia

3. Anisocytosis

4. Howell-Jolly bodies

5. Codocytes (Target cells)

6. Basophilic stippling

7. Nucleated RBC’s

what can cause blood loss (5) (Abnormalities)

1. Hemorrhage

2. Parasitism

3. Transfusion

4. Acute Blood Loss

5. Chronic Blood Loss

what causes a Hemorrhage (2) (Abnormalities)

1. Blood vessel damage - trauma or ulceration

2. Disorder of hemostasis - coag factor deficiency or thrombocytopenia

define parasitism (Abnormalities)

Blood sucking internal or external parasites

define transfusion (Abnormalities)

Blood removed for transfusion

define Non-Regenerative Anemia (Abnormalities)

anemia without a concurrent reticulocytosis

Any anemia is always non-regenerative in first — days (Abnormalities)

3

what is it (Abnormalities)

normal rbc

what is it (Abnormalities)

microcyte

what is it (Abnormalities)

macrocyte

what is it (Abnormalities)

hypochromic RBC

what is it (Abnormalities)

severe hypochromia

whats wrong (Abnormalities)

Anisocytosis

what is it (Abnormalities)

Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis

Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis is a RBC —- (Abnormalities)

parasite

how do you get Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis (Abnormalities)

flea

what is the most common cause of hemolytic anemia in cats (Abnormalities)

Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis

what are the clinical signs of Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis (4) (Abnormalities)

1. icterus

2. depression

3. anorexia

4. hypothermia

how to diagnose Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis (5) (Abnormalities)

1. Acute

2. CBC - severe anemia

3. organisms on blood smear

4. ELISA test

5. PCR test (diagnostic lab)

what is the treatment for Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis (3) (Abnormalities)

1. Oxytetracycline or doxycycline

2. Enrofloxacin

3. If auto-agglutination is present, start glucocorticoids

what is the prevention methods for Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis (2) (Abnormalities)

1. Flea and tick medication

2. Keep cats indoors

Anemia of Chronic Disease are caused by (7) (Abnormalities)

1. Chronic infections

2. Neoplasia

3. Immune disorders (IMHA)

4. Toxins

5. Hyper and Hypoadrenocorticism

6. Hypothyroidism

7. Liver disease

what causes anemia in chronic renal disease (Abnormalities)

Inadequate EPO production by the diseased kidneys

what are the 2 treatment options for chronic renal disease (Abnormalities)

1. parenteral administration of EPO (Darbepoetin)

2. Molidustat oral suspension

what are 3 endocrine disorders in non generative anemia (4) (Abnormalities)

1. Hypothyroidism

2. Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s disease)

3. Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s disease)

4. Hyperestrogenism

what are 2 nutriional deficiencies linked to non generative anemia (Abnormalities)

1. iron

2. cobalt

define Hemolytic Anemia (Abnormalities)

Rate of hemolysis increases

what common breeds are affected by IMHA (4) (Abnormalities)

1. Poodles

2. Old English Sheepdogs

3. Irish Setters

4. Cocker Spaniel

what does IMHA stand for (Abnormalities)

Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia

IMHA can be diagnosed from (4) (Abnormalities)

1. slide agglutination test

2. Coombs test

3. immunofluorescence assay

4. spherocytes common

how to treat IMHA (4) (Abnormalities)

1. immunosuppressive drugs

2. gastric protectants

3. supportive care

4. blood transfusions

what does EIA stand for (Abnormalities)

Equine Infectious Anemia

what virus causes EIA (Abnormalities)

lentvirus

EIA is aka (Abnormalities)

swamp fever

EIA is spread by (Abnormalities)

mosquitos

what are the acute clinical signs of EIA (9) (Abnormalities)

1. Fever

2. lethargy

3. loss of appetite

4. low platelet count

5. mucosal hemorrhages (petechiae)

6. jaundice

7. anemia

8. diarrhea

9. ⅓ of affected horses will die

what are the chronic clinical signs of EIA (9) (Abnormalities)

1. Lethargy

2. loss of appetite

3. weight loss

4. low platelet count

5. recurring fevers

6. anemia

7. edema

8. nosebleeds

9. neurological signs

what are the subclinical clinical signs of EIA (Abnormalities)

No clinical signs but will test positive

what does NI stand for (Abnormalities)

Neonatal Isoerythrolysis

Neonatal Isoerythrolysis is aka (Abnormalities)

Jaundice Foal Syndrome

define Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (Abnormalities)

Incompatible blood types between mare and foal

what are the clinical signs for NI (7) (Abnormalities)

1. Listlessness

2. Weakness

3. Mucus membranes, sclera +/- skin becomes jaundice

4. Decreased nursing vigor

5. Increased respiratory rate and heart rate

6. Red tinged urine

7. Possibly death

how to treat treatment/prevention (7) (Abnormalities)

1. Blood transfusions may be necessary

2. Monitor IgG levels

3. Supportive therapy

4. Prevent foal from further consuming mare’s colostrum

5. Supplement with “safe” colostrum

6. Do not repeat breeding

7. Can blood type horses prior to breeding and also check for antibodies against stallion’s blood

what are some Anemia of Chronic Disease (Abnormalities)

1. Chronic Renal Disease

2. Liver Disease or Portosystemic Shunts

3. FeLV Induced Erythroid Hypoplasia

4. Bone Marrow Damage

5. Bone Marrow Displacement

6. Congenital Abnormalities

7. Hemolytic Anemia

8. Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA)

9. Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (NI)

10. Hypothyroidism

11. Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s disease)

12. Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s disease)

13. Hyperestrogenism

14. Iron deficiency

15. Cobalt deficiency

define Erythrocytosis, Erythrocythemia and Polycythemia: (Abnormalities)

Abnormal increase in the number of RBCs/PCV

Relative erythrocytosis occurs commonly and is often due to (3) (Abnormalities)

1. dehydration

2. shock

3. splenic contraction

cbc aka (Abnormalities)

hemogram

cbc evaluates (4) (Abnormalities)

1. plasma proteins

2. RBCs

3. WBCs

4. platelets

what does PCV stand for (Abnormalities)

packed cell volume

Hct stands for (Abnormalities)

hematocrit

packed cell volume (PCV) / hematocrit (Hct) measure (Abnormalities)

the volume of packed erythrocyte

what is it (Production)

multipotential hematopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast)

what is it (Production)

common lymphoid progenitor

what is it (Production)

natural killer cell (large granular lymphocyte)

what is it (Production)

small lymphocyte

what is it (Production)

B lymphocyte

what is it (Production)

T lymphocyte

what is it (Production)

plasma cell

what is it (Production)

common myeloid progenitor

what is it (Production)

megakaryocyte

what is it (Production)

thrombocytes

what is it (Production)

erythrocyte

what is it (Production)

mast cell

what is it (Production)

myeloblast

what is it (Production)

monocyte

what is it (Production)

eosinophil

what is it (Production)

neutrophil

what is it (Production)

basophil

what is it (Production)

macrophage

define Hematopoiesis/Hemopoiesis (Production)

Formation or production of all blood cells

cells get —-(size) as they develop (Production)

smaller

why do cells start out blue (Production)

because they have lots of RNA

what does LSC stand for (Production)

lymphoid stem cells

what does MSC stand for (Production)

myeloid stem cells

lymphoblast becomes … (Production)

lymphocytes

myeloblast turns into … (3) (Production)

1. neutrophils

2. eosinophils

3. basophils

monoblast becomes … (Production)

monocytes