EL 7 Blood, sweat and seas

group 1 ion

+1

ammonium ion

NH4 +

group 2 ion

+2

aluminium ion

+3

group 7 ion

-1

hydroxide ion

OH-

nitrate ions

NO3-

carbonate ion

CO3 2-

sulfate ion

SO4 2-

oxide ion

O 2-

4 ways to make a salt

1. acid + alkali --> salt + water

2. acid + base --> salt + water

3. acid + carbonate --> salt + water + carbon dioxide

4. acid + metal --> salt + hydrogen

Ionic substances that are insoluble in water

- barium, calcium, lead and silver sulfates

- silver and lead halides

- all metal carbonates

- metal hydroxides expect group 1 hydroxides and ammonium hydroxid

when ions are separated by water molecules they behave ___________ of each other

independantly

spectator ions

remain unchanged

ionic precipitation

forms insoluble solid

What is used to test for Cu 2+, Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions?

sodium hydroxide

What is used to test for Pb 2+ ions?

potassium iodide

What is used to test for Cl-, Br -, I-?

silver nitrate

What is used to test for SO4 2- ions?

barium chloride

Reaction of sodium hydroxide with copper (II) ions?

blue copper hydroxide precipitate

Reaction of sodium hydroxide with iron (II) ions?

'dirty' green iron(II) hydroxide precipitate

Reactions of sodium hydroxide with iron(III) ions?

orange/brown iron(III) hydroxide precipitate

Reaction of potassium iodide with lead ions?

bright yellow lead iodide precipitate

Reaction of silver nitrate with chloride ions?

white silver chloride precipitate

Reaction of silver nitrate with bromide ions?

cream silver bromide precipitate

Reaction of silver nitrate with iodide ions?

pale yellow silver iodide precipitate

Reaction of barium chloride with sulfate ions?

white barium sulfate precipitate