dental hygiene theory final exam

How should a patient be positioned during instrumentation for the oral cavity?

The oral cavity should be at the clinician's elbow level and the patient should be in a supine position.

What is the clock position for a right-handed operator?

Typically positioned between 7 to 12 o’clock.

What is the purpose of the 'hidden transfer' technique for instruments?

Instruments are handed with the working end positioned for immediate use to avoid dropping.

What is the static zone in dental instrumentation?

The static zone is positioned at 12 to 2 o’clock.

What are the primary components of an aspirating syringe?

Thumb Ring, Finger Rest, Barrel, Harpoon, Piston Rod, Needle Adapter.

How do caries appear on a radiograph?

Caries appear as radiolucent structures, which are dark or black on radiographs.

What is the endpoint for root planing?

The root surface feels glassy smooth and is free of calculus or residual deposits.

What are the common side effects of Chlorhexidine Gluconate?

Tooth/tongue staining, supra-calculus formation, slight burning sensation on the mucosa, altered taste perception.

What is the purpose of a matrix retainer?

To maintain tooth shape during restoration and replace the wall of the interproximal prep for restoration placement.

What are the reasons for using a periodontal dressing?

To protect surgical sites, minimize discomfort, and stabilize the clot.

What should be done before starting instrument transfer?

The suction should be placed before the operator goes in with their instrument.

When should gingival retraction be performed?

After the tooth is prepared, just before the final impression is taken.

What are the types of power scalers and their movements?

Magnetostrictive - elliptical tip movement; Piezoelectric - linear tip movement; Sonic - elliptical or orbital tip movement.

What is the primary use of exfoliative cytology in dentistry?

To help determine the diagnostic of what specific bacteria is causing periodontal disease.

What characterizes Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in relation to periodontal disease?

Gram-positive bacteria stains purple and are mostly supra, while Gram-negative bacteria stains pink/red and are mostly sub, leading to perio disease.

What should be considered when using a rubber dam?

Indications include improved safety and visibility; contraindications include latex allergy and respiratory issues.

What are the advantages of bonded appliances compared to cemented bands in orthodontics?

Advantages include better aesthetics and comfort; disadvantages include the risk of enamel demineralization.

What are common errors encountered in radiographs?

Foreshortening, elongation, cone cut, superimposition, and partial image.

How does proper instrument selection affect treatment outcomes?

Using specific instruments based on area and deposit type ensures effective dental procedures and patient comfort.