China and Japan in the 20th Century

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture notes on China and Japan in the 20th century, focusing on nationalism and revolutionary movements.

Open Door Policy

A U.S. policy proposed in 1899 that called for equal trade rights for all nations in China.

Boxer Rebellion

An anti-foreign uprising in China from 1899 to 1901, led by the Society of the Harmonious Fists.

Kuomintang

The Chinese Nationalist Party, founded by Sun Yat-sen, that played a significant role in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty.

Fall of the Qing Dynasty

The end of over 260 years of Qing rule, marked by revolts and the abdication of the last emperor in 1912.

Three Principles of the People

Philosophy outlined by Sun Yat-sen, including the people's government, rights, and livelihood.

National Revolutionary Army

The military organization developed by the Kuomintang in the 1920s to defeat warlords and unify China.

Northern Expedition

A military campaign launched by Chiang Kai-shek in 1926 to defeat various warlords and unite China under Nationalist rule.

Communist Party of China

Founded in 1921, it aimed to bring about a communist revolution and was inspired by Marxist and Leninist ideologies.

Long March

A strategic retreat undertaken by the Chinese Communists in 1934-1935, where they journeyed thousands of miles to evade the Nationalist forces.

Russo-Japanese War

A conflict from 1904-1905 between Russia and Japan, resulting in Japan’s victory and its emergence as a major world power.

Treaty of Portsmouth

The 1905 agreement that ended the Russo-Japanese War and acknowledged Japan's dominance in Korea and parts of Manchuria.

Militarism

A belief in the value of a strong military and the readiness to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

Meiji Restoration

A period of rapid modernization and industrialization in Japan that began in 1868.

Japanese Expansion

Japan's policy of extending its power and influence, particularly in Asia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Chinese Nationalists

Members of the Kuomintang who sought to modernize China and establish a republican government.

Chiang Kai-shek

The leader of the Nationalists in China after Sun Yat-sen, known for his role in the civil war against the Communists.

Mao Zedong

The leader of the Chinese Communist Party, who emerged as a prominent figure during and after the Long March.