RABIES

What are the 2 types of rabies based on source?

1. Canine rabies — from pets/dogs

2. Sylvatic rabies — from wild animals like bats

What does ABC stand for in rabies management?

Animal Bite Center

Source of infection in canine rabies?

Pet: dogs

Name the 3 rabies vaccine used for post-exposure management.

1. ERIG (Equine Rabies Immunoglobulin)

2. HRIG (Human Rabies Immunoglobulin)

3. PVRV (Purified Vero Rabies Vaccine)

What virus causes rabies?

Rhabdovirus (Lyssavirus family)

What virus can hide in nerves and reveal itself in the future?

Rhabdovirus

What is the main mode of transmission of rabies?

Saliva from an infected animal (through bite, scratch, or lick on broken skin/mucosa)

What is the second stage of rabies in humans called?

Excitement stage

Enumerate the 2 main symptoms in the prodromal stage of rabies in humans.

1. Tingling/pain at bite site$$2. Photophobia

If there’s oozing/continuous bleeding in the bite site, what category does it belong to?

Category 3

What is the incubation period of rabies in humans?

2–8 weeks

What is the first stage of rabies in humans called?

Prodromal stage

What is the first stage of rabies in dogs called?

Dumb stage

Minor bite/scratch on extremities — needs vaccine. What category is this?

Category 2

Give 4 nursing interventions if a patient is positive for rabies.

1. Monitor cardiopulmonary status2. Position away from CR or sink3. Cover IV lines and secure$$4. Provide emotional support to family

Give the 3 main rabies control measures.

1. Dog vaccination2. Dog bite victim management3. Pet owner responsibility

What is the first step after a suspected rabies bite?

Wash wound with detergent soap and running water for 10–15 minutes

Name 3 diagnostic tests for rabies.

1. Brain biopsy2. Fluorescent rabies antibody test3. 10-day observation

Enumerate 2 signs of dumb stage rabies in dogs.

1. Withdrawn/quiet behavior$$2. Hiding/photophobia

Enumerate 4 main symptoms of the excitement stage in humans.

1. Laryngospasm/dysphagia2. Hydrophobia3. Aerophobia$$4. Maniacal behavior

If the patient shows maniacal behavior, what will you do as a nurse?

Restraint

Who is responsible for dog vaccination programs?

Department of Agriculture

How long will you wash the wound from a dog bite with running water?

10–15 minutes

What viral infection causes myeloencephalitis (muscle + brain involvement)?

Rabies

What is the second stage of rabies in dogs called?

Furious stage

What traditional antiseptic is mentioned in rabies wound care?

Bayabas (guava leaves)

How many days observation period for a biting dog?

10 days

What is the usual cause of death in the paralytic stage?

Cardio-pulmonary arrest

Enumerate 3 signs of furious stage rabies in dogs.

1. Aggression — fights and bites anything/anyone2. Hypersalivation3. Hydrophobia

Source of infection in sylvatic rabies?

Non-pet animals: bats

No visible wound, intact skin, licking — no vaccine needed. What category is this?

Category 1

Bite/scratch on head/neck, oozing wound — needs vaccine + immunoglobulin. What category is this?

Category 3

What is the third stage of rabies both in humans and dogs called?

Paralytic stage

What kind of soap will you use when washing the wound from a dog bite?

Detergent soap

Give three other names for rabies.

Hydrophobia, La Rage, Lyssa

What is the third stage of rabies in dogs called?

Paralytic stage