Freud and Psychoanalysis

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts in Freud's psychoanalysis and various psychological disorders.

Dream analysis

A therapeutic technique proposed by Freud to explore unconscious desires, thoughts, and motivations through dreams.

Oedipus Complex

A Freudian theory where a child experiences unconscious desires for the opposite-sex parent and jealousy towards the same-sex parent.

Electra Complex

A concept where girls develop unconscious desires for their fathers and rivalry towards their mothers, coined by Carl Jung.

Little Hans

A case study by Freud illustrating a boy's phobia as a manifestation of the Oedipus complex.

Freud's Psychosexual Development Stages

Five stages proposed by Freud: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital, that contribute to personality development.

Libido

Freud's term for the sexual energy or drive that motivates human behavior.

Ego, Id, Superego

Freud's model of the psyche, consisting of the id (instinctual desires), ego (rational mediator), and superego (moral conscience).

Reality Principle

The ego's ability to assess the external world and balance immediate desires with societal norms.

Psychology

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Rationalization

A defense mechanism where an individual justifies behaviors with logical explanations to avoid confronting real reasons.

Self-Actualization

The realization of one's talents and potential; considered a drive in everyone.

Psychological Fugue

A dissociative disorder characterized by amnesia and unexpected travel away from usual surroundings.

Neologism

A newly coined word or expression, often symptomatic of certain mental disorders.

Displacement

A defense mechanism where emotions are redirected to a less threatening recipient.

Phobia

An excessive and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation.

Culture-Bound Syndrome

Behavior patterns recognized as illness within a culture but not in others.

Repression

Blocking distressing thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness, a defense mechanism.

Flexibility

The ability to adapt thoughts and behaviors to new or unexpected events.

Echolalia

The automatic repetition of vocalizations made by another person.

Fear

An emotional response to a real or perceived threat.

DSM-5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fifth edition, providing standardized criteria for mental disorder diagnosis.

Reaction Formation

A defense mechanism where an individual behaves opposite to their true feelings.

Delusion of Reference

The belief that common environmental elements relate directly to oneself.

Robert Cattell – 16 Personality Factors (16PF)

A personality assessment measuring 16 primary personality traits.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A mental health condition triggered by trauma, characterized by flashbacks and severe anxiety.

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states.

Major Depressive Disorder

A mood disorder marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in daily activities.

Schizophrenia

A severe disorder involving distorted thinking and perceptions.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Characterized by uncontrollable worry about various aspects of life.

Delusional Disorder

Characterized by one or more non-bizarre delusions.

Depressive Disorder

Mood disorders characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest.

Dysthymic Disorder

Also known as persistent depressive disorder, lasting at least two years.

Panic Disorder

Involves recurrent, unexpected panic attacks.

Somatic Disorder

Presence of physical symptoms without a medical explanation.

Cyclothymic Disorder

Characterized by periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms lasting at least two years.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Involves unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions.

Bipolar Disorder

A mood disorder marked by extreme mood swings.

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Depression that occurs during specific times of the year, often winter.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Characterized by disregard for others' rights and lack of empathy.

Conversion Disorder

Neurological symptoms inconsistent with medical conditions.

Panic Attack

An episode of intense fear or anxiety with physical symptoms.

Delusions

False beliefs not rooted in reality.

Delusion of Grandiosity

A false belief in one's exceptional abilities or fame.

Compulsion

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety.

Mania

An abnormally elevated mood and increased activity.

Undifferentiated

Describes schizophrenia symptoms that do not fit specific categories.

Catatonic

A type of schizophrenia with motor immobility or excessive activity.

Hallucinations

Perceptions without external stimuli, such as hearing voices.

Visual Hallucinations

Seeing things that are not present.

Exaggerated Affect

An overly intense emotional response that may be inappropriate.

Olfactory Hallucinations

Smelling odors that are not present.

Auditory Hallucinations

Hearing sounds or voices that aren't present.

Inappropriate Affect

Emotional responses unsuitable for the situation.

Projective Tests

Psychological assessments revealing hidden emotions through ambiguous stimuli.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

A standardized personality and psychopathology assessment.

Rorschach Inkblot Test

A projective test where individuals interpret inkblots.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A projective test where individuals create stories about ambiguous pictures.

In experimental research, the behavior that results from manipulation of an independent variable is called?

Dependent variable

This action happens in a Naturalistic Observation when participants modify their behavior because they are aware of being observed. What is the action called?

Observer Effect/Hawthorne Effect

Schizophrenia is a disorder that affects about what percent of the American population?

1%

In this research method observations are made in a natural setting such as a school environment or the participant’s home. What is this method called?

Naturalistic Observation

Identify the social psychologist who conducted the famous Stanford University Prisoner Experiment.

Philip Zimbardo

________ is a projective test that consists of ten inkblot cards, half in black and white and half in color

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Raymond Cattell used used statistical techniques to identify how many central source traits?

16 personality factors

Identify the Scientific Method in the correct order

1. Identify the problem 2. Research 3. Formulate hypothesis 4. Conduct experiment 5. Analyze data 6. Draw conclusions

Who is the social psychologist who conducted a study on obedience and authority

Stanley Milgram

This action happens in a Naturalistic observation when the observer tends to read more into the situation than is actually there to see. What is this called?

Observer bias

This research method involves in depth explorations of either a single case or a small group of subjects who are examined individually. what is this research method called.

Case study

If a psychologist asks you to tell a story concerning a scene on a card heh or she shows you, the psychologist is giving you what type of psychological test?

Projective test; Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Subjects are confronted with specific stimuli under precisely controlled conditions. Researchers using this method directly manipulate a particular set of conditions (independent variable), and then observe the effect on behavior (dependent variable). What is this called?

Experimental method

Inn descriptive statistics, the score that falls in the middle of a distribution of numbers arranged from lowest to highest is called?

median

When was DSM 5 published?

The DSM-5 was published in May 18, 2013.

In research, a sample group of a larger population that is selected by using randomization procedures is called?

random sample

In statistics, a measure of variability that indicates the difference between the highest and lowest score is called?

range.

Schizophrenics sometimes invent new words that no one else recognizes. There words are called

neologisms.

Beth sometimes feels so sad, worthless, and hopeless. At other times, she feels quite the opposite. She is full of energy, has a positive self-image and is easily distracted. It is possible she may have:

bipolar disorder or DID?

A person who is experiencing a hallucination pertaining to smell, possibly of an unpleasant order, such as garbage, or noxious gases is experiencing what type of hallucination?`

olfactory hallucination.

A patient who proclaims he is the President of the United States is experiencing what type of delusion?

grandiose delusion.

What is the greatest risk associated with major depressive disorder?

suicide

What was Freud originally trained to be?

A neurologist and physician.

Shelly has been feeling sad and lonely lately. She doesn’t want to get out of bed in the morning and she doesn’t feel like eating or doing much of anything. Shelly thinks that things will never get better and she often thinks of suicide. Shelly most likely suffers from what disorder?

major depressive disorder.

Glenn’s boss yells at him and accuses him of loading during work hours. Glenn does not argue with his boss, but when he gets home that night he yells at his wife for not having dinner ready. This illustrated what defense mechanism?

displacement.

Freud believed that the ego operated on the _____ principle.

reality principle

Depression is the primary symptom of which class of disorders?

Depressive Disorder (mood disorder?)

Which is the third mental structure of Freud’s theory which functions as a moral guardian and sets high standards of behavior?

superego

The most common psychological disorders in the United States are ______ disorders.

anxiety

Mr. Dodge engages in very rigid and structured behavior. He is preoccupied with cleanliness. He washed his hands more than 20 tines per day and brings two changes of underwear to work with him. He would probably be diagnosed with what disorder?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Jim sees bugs crawling underneath his skin. What type of hallucination is Jim exhibiting?

Tactile hallucination. Visual hallucinations

Your aunt goes through periods of deep depression followed by periods in which she is manic and unrealistically optimistic. She is probably suffering from which disorder?

Bipolar disorder, manic-depressive disorder

Jane has schizophrenia that maintains a rigid posture, rarely communicates and is unresponsive to stimulation. Jane would likely be diagnosed as which type of schizophrenia?

Catatonic schizophrenia.

Frank often believes that he is jesus. Frank’s belief is an illustration of what class of disorder

delusional disorder. class: psychotic disorder

Multiple Personality Disorder was renamed. What is the new name of this disorder?

dissociative identity disorder.

In development there are characteristics that result from the expression of an assortment of genes that create out physical characteristics. What is this biological term called?

phenotype

These individuals are derived when a woman’s ovaries releases two ova, each of which is fertilized by a different sperm cell.

dizygotic twins or fraternal twins.

How many comparative Psychosocial Stages did Erik Erikson identify?

Eight stages of development

According to the textbook, this ______ is an attribution to genetic differences within each random sample of seeds.

phenotypic variation

According to the textbook, this difference is a between-group difference, and it’s attributable to both random genetic differences and the different environmental conditions.

between-group variation

In the field of psychology, this is a field that investigates how cultural and religious traditions and practices shapes and contribute to differences in human behavior.

Cultural psychology

In development, there are assortment of genes each individual inherits at conception. What are these assortment of genes called?

genotype

which psychological theorist identified the difference between secure and insecure attachments?

John Bowlby and Ainsworth