6.7: Electrolytes and Ionization

This set of flashcards focuses on key concepts related to electrolytes, ionization, and related properties in solutions.

Electrolytes

• solutes that form ions when dissolved in a solvent

• forms multiple ions so effect is greater than a non-electrolyte with same molality

Ionization

• process where an electrolyte separates into its own ions in a solvent

Solvation

• process where solvent molecules surround dissolved ions

Conductivity

• solution’s ability to conduct electricity due to the presence of mobile ions

Hydrates

• ionic solids that trap water molecules in their crystal structure during crystallization

Strong Electrolytes

• substances that dissociate completely into ions in solution

• represented with forward arrow

• ex: strong acids (HCl, H2SO4)

  • strong bases

  • soluble salts (NaCl, AlCl3)

Weak Electrolytes

• substances that only partially (1-10%) dissociate into ions

• establishing equilibrium

• represented by reversible arrows

• ex: weak acids (HF, HC2H3O2 - acetic acid)

  • weak bases (NH3 - ammonia)

  • pure water

Self-Ionization of Water

• process where water molecules produce hydronium and hydroxide ions

Colligative Properties

• properties that depend on the number of dissolved particles

• ex: vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation

van't Hoff factor

• factor representing the number of ions formed from a formula unit in solution