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Are colonic epithelial proliferation rates high or low in a healthy gut?
Low — slower turnover lowers cancer risk.
Are rapidly dividing colon cells a risk factor for cancer?
Yes — rapid division increases the chance of DNA errors leading to colorectal cancer.
Which intervention diet caused the most colon cell proliferation and inflammation?
A diet high in animal-based foods (meat & fat) — similar to the Standard American Diet.
Which intervention diet resulted in the highest production of butyrate?
The 'Africanization' diet — high in fibre and starchy carbohydrates.
What is butyrate, and why is it important to gut health?
Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid made when gut microbes ferment fibre. It reduces inflammation, has anti-cancer effects, and is the main energy source for colon cells.