1.2 The evolution of the atomic theory

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14 Terms

1
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Atom

The smallest unit of matter; building block of all substances.

<p>The smallest unit of matter; building block of all substances.</p>
2
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Electron

Negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus.

<p>Negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus.</p>
3
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Nucleus

The dense, positively charged center of the atom containing protons and neutrons.

<p>The dense, positively charged center of the atom containing protons and neutrons.</p>
4
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Proton

Positively charged particle found in the nucleus.

<p>Positively charged particle found in the nucleus.</p>
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Neutron

Neutral particle found in the nucleus.

<p>Neutral particle found in the nucleus.</p>
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Atomic model

A scientific model that explains the structure and behavior of atoms.

<p>A scientific model that explains the structure and behavior of atoms.</p>
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Energy level

A fixed region around the nucleus where electrons can be found.

<p>A fixed region around the nucleus where electrons can be found.</p>
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Electron cloud

The region around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found.

<p>The region around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found.</p>
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Democritus' Atomism (5th Century BC)

All matter is made of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms, constantly in motion and too small to see.

<p>All matter is made of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms, constantly in motion and too small to see.</p>
10
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Dalton's Solid Sphere Model (1803)

Atoms are tiny, indestructible spheres with no internal structure; each element made of identical atoms.

<p>Atoms are tiny, indestructible spheres with no internal structure; each element made of identical atoms.</p>
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Thomson's Plum Pudding Model (1904)

Atom is a positively charged sphere with electrons embedded like "plums" in pudding.

<p>Atom is a positively charged sphere with electrons embedded like "plums" in pudding.</p>
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Rutherford's Nuclear Model (1911)

Atom has a tiny, dense, positively charged nucleus with electrons moving around it.

<p>Atom has a tiny, dense, positively charged nucleus with electrons moving around it.</p>
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Bohr's Planetary Model (1913)

Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels (shells) and can jump between them by absorbing or emitting energy.

<p>Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels (shells) and can jump between them by absorbing or emitting energy.</p>
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Quantum Model (Modern)

Electrons exist in a cloud around the nucleus, not fixed paths; described by probabilities.

<p>Electrons exist in a cloud around the nucleus, not fixed paths; described by probabilities.</p>