Psych Vocab I need to work on :)

Left off on 1.3 Daily vid 3

Somatic and Autonomic

Parts of the Peripheral NS

Sympathetic (fight or flight) and Parasympathetic (rest and digest)

Parts of the Autonomic Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System

What gets information from sensory neurons and uses motor neurons to send information

Autonomic Nervous System

What NS regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate and blood pressure

Sympathetic Nervous System

What makes the “fight or flight response”, increasing heart rate, blood pressure and stress hormones, dilate pupils, decrease saliva and digestion

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Calms the body after a “fight or flight” response (rest and digest)

Glial Cells

Helper cells that send and receive chemical signals to and from each other and to and from neurons.

Motor Neuron

Neurons connecting muscles, react to involuntary and voluntary signals and receive efferent signals

Interneuron

Sensory Neuron

different per sense, respond to non-chemical stimulation, send afferent signals

Sensory Neuron

Afferent Neuron

Motor Neurons

Efferent neurons

Arrive at the brain

What do afferent signals do?

Exit the brain

What do efferent signals do?

10

there are more than ___ times more glia than neurons

Glia cell

These cells support neurons but also communicate with other cells (not with electricity)

No

Do glial cells use electricity to communicate?

Dendrite, Soma, Axon, Terminal, synapse

What is the progression of neural firing?

DSATs: Dendrite, Soma, Axon, Terminal, synapse

What is the acronym for remembering the progression of neural firing called and what is it?

catharsis

in psychology, the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggression urges.

problem-focused coping

attempting to alleviate stress directly — by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that strestor

adaptation phenomenon

our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

relative deprivation

the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves.

broaden-and-build

proposes that positive emotions broaden our awareness, which over time helps us build novel and meaningful skills and resilience that improve well-being.

insight therapies

therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses.

Joseph Wolpe

A psychiatrist known for developing systematic desensitization, a type of behavior therapy that treats phobias by gradually exposing patients to anxiety-inducing stimuli.

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

confrontational cognitive therapy; developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

Ernest Hilgard

A prominent American psychologist known for his work on the nature of consciousness and the phenomenon of hypnosis, particularly his theory of the hidden observer.

person perception

how we form impressions of ourselves and others, including attributions of behavior

fundamental attribution error

the tendency for observers, when analyzing others’ behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

actor-observer bias

the tendency for those acting in a situation to attribute their behavior to external causes, but for observers to attribute others’ behavior to internal causes. This contributes to the fundamental attribution error (which focuses on our explanations for others’ behavior)

informational social influence

influence resulting from a person's willingness to accept others opinions about reality

respondent behavior

Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus

operant behavior

Behavior that operates on the environment, producing a consequence

behaviorism

The view that psychology 1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists agree to (1) but not (2)

acquisition

in classical conditioning, the initial stage — when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neural stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. (In operant conditioning the strengthening of a reinforced response.)

high-order conditioning

a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. For example, a tone predicts food might then learn a light predicts the tone and begin responding to the light alone.

Second-order conditioning

another name for high-order conditioning

preparedness

a biological predisposition to learn associations, such as between taste and nausea, that have survival modes

shaping

an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.

primary reinforcer

an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need

conditioned reinforcer

a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer (Also known as a secondary reinforcer)

observational learning

learning by observing others

social learning

another name for observational learning

modeling

the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior exhibited by others

insight learning

a type of problem solving that occurs when the solution suddenly comes to mind, often after a period of contemplation/strategy-based-thinking.

Social Learning theory

The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

Linguistic Relativism

The idea the language influences the way we think

Ecological systems theory

A theory of the social environments influence on human development, using five nested systems (Microsystems; mesosystem; exosystem; macrosystem; chronosystem) ranging from direct to indirect influences

Assimilation

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Pheneme

In a language the smallest distinctive sound unit

Linguistic determinism

Whorf’s hypothesis that language determines the way we think

Cognitive learning

The acquisition of mental information, whether by observing events, by watching others, or through language