ERIK ERIKSON - PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

50 flashcards based on the lecture notes provided.

How does Erikson's theory expand upon Freud's stages of development?

Erikson's theory elaborates on Freud's stages from infancy to adulthood.

What aspect of personality does Erikson emphasize more than Freud?

Erikson places a greater emphasis on the ego than on the id.

What broader influences does Erikson consider in personality development?

Erikson considers the impact of cultural and historical forces on personality development.

Where and when was Erik Erikson born?

He was born in Frankfurt, Germany on June 15, 1902.

What name did Erikson adopt when he became a US citizen at age 37?

Erik Homburger Erikson.

Who did Erikson marry?

Joan Serson, a Canadian-born artist and dancer.

Mention Erikson’s career timeline.

Taught in a small school in Vienna, affiliated with Henry Murray’s Harvard Clinic, joined a guidance center, taught in the medical school, and published a book about old age

When and how did Erik Erikson die?

He died in May 12, 1994 due to infection.

What is the psychosocial crisis during infancy?

Trust vs. Mistrust

What is the psychosocial crisis during early childhood?

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

What is the psychosocial crisis during the preschool years?

Initiative vs. Guilt

What is the psychosocial crisis during school age?

Industry vs. Inferiority

What is the psychosocial crisis during adolescence?

Identity vs. Role Confusion

What is the psychosocial crisis during young adulthood?

Intimacy vs. Isolation

What is the psychosocial crisis during middle adulthood?

Generativity vs. Stagnation

What is the psychosocial crisis during maturity?

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

What is the epigenetic principle of maturation?

Human development is governed by a sequence of stages that depend on genetic or hereditary factors.

What is a crisis in Erikson's theory?

A turning point faced at each developmental stage.

What are the two ways to resolve a crisis?

Maladaptive (Negative) and Adaptive (Positive)

What are basic strengths in Erikson's theory?

Strengths or virtues that emerge once the crisis has been resolved satisfactorily.

What are basic weaknesses in Erikson's theory?

Motivating characteristics that derive from the unsatisfactory resolution of developmental crises.

What is maldevelopment?

A condition that occurs when the ego consists only a single way of coping with conflict

In the first stage (Trust vs. Mistrust), what does the baby’s interaction determine?

An attitude of trust or mistrust for future with the environment will be incorporated into his or her personality.

What virtue is developed if trust is successfully developed?

Hope

What is involved in the virtue of hope?

A persistent feeling of confidence, a feeling we will maintain despite temporary setbacks or reverses

What do children experience in the Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt stage?

Children can exercise some degree of choice, to experience the power of their autonomous will.

What virtue is developed in the Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt stage?

Will

What is the definition of the virtue will ?

A determination to exercise freedom of choice and self- restraint in the face of society’s demands

What feelings develop when a child's independence is frustrated?

Feelings of self-doubt and sense of shame in dealing with others.

What do children express in the Initiative vs. Guilt stage?

Express a very strong desire to take the inititative in many activities.

What virtue is developed in the Initiative vs. Guilt stage?

Purpose

What is the defintion of purpose?

Courage to envision and pursue goals

To what new influences are children exposed in the Industry vs. Inferiority stage?

New social influence or new environment.

What virtue is developed in the Industry vs. Inferiority stage?

Competence

What is the defintion of competence ?

Exertion of skill and intelligence in pursuing and completing tasks

What stage of development is Identity vs. Identity Confusion?

Puberty and adolescence stage

What is ego identity?

The self-image formed during adolescence that integrates our ideas of what we are and what we want to be

What is identity crisis?

The failure to achieve ego identity during adolescence.

What is a moratorium?

The experimental period of adolescence in which young people try out alternative roles.

What is fidelity?

Encompasses sincerity, genuineness, and a sense of duty in our relationships with other people.

What is the focus of the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage?

Independence from parents and begin to function as mature, responsible adults.

What are the feelings of isolation?

Avoid social contacts and reject other people and may even become aggressive toward them.

What is love?

Mutual devotion in a shared identity, the fusing of oneself with another person.

What is the focus of the Generativity vs. Stagnation stage?

Actively involved in teaching and guiding the next generation.

What is midlife crisis?

You become overwhelmed by stagnation (boredom)

What is the virtue of care?

Broad concern for others and believed it was manifested in the need to teach younger generation, not only to help others but also to fulfil one’s identity

What is ego integrity?

Accepting one’s place and one’s past

What is despair?

Frustration, angry about missed opportunities and regretful of mistakes that cannot be rectified

What is wisdom?

Expressed in a detached concern with the whole of life

Erikson’s view on human nature

More inclined to growth than to equilibrium and Optimistic by nature