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Stranger Anxiety
a common developmental fear experienced by infants and young children in response to unfamiliar individuals
attachment
the emotional bond between an individual and their caregiver, typically a parent or primary caregiver.
Critical Period
a specific time window during development when an organism is highly sensitive to environmental stimuli and experiences that are essential for acquiring certain skills or traits.
imprinting
a rapid form of learning that happens early in life when an animal or human forms a strong attachment to a caregiver or object.
Temperament
an individual's natural disposition and behavioral tendencies.
basic trust
a fundamental sense of security and reliance on others, typically developed in early childhood.
self-concept
an individual's beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions about themselves.
social identity
a person’s sense of who they are based on their group memberships, like nationality, religion, or team affiliation
intimacy
a close, emotional connection between two or more individuals
Emerging adulthood
a developmental stage that extends from approximately ages 18 to 29
erikson’s 8 stages
Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 18 months old) – Infants learn to trust caregivers who provide consistent love and care, or they develop mistrust if neglected.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18 months to 3 years old) – Toddlers gain confidence by exploring and doing things independently, or they feel shame and doubt if restricted.
Initiative vs. Guilt (3 to 5 years old) – Young children develop initiative by taking on new activities, but may feel guilty if discouraged or overly controlled.
Industry vs. Inferiority (5 to 12 years old) – Kids build a sense of competence through school and social interactions, or they feel inferior if they struggle to succeed.
Identity vs. Confusion (12 to 18 years old) – Teens explore who they are and form a strong identity, or they experience confusion about their place in the world.
Intimacy vs. Isolation (18 to 40 years old) – Young adults seek deep relationships and emotional connections, or they may feel lonely and isolated.
Generativity vs. Stagnation (40 to 65 years old) – Adults focus on contributing to society and helping others, or they feel stuck and unfulfilled.
Integrity vs. Despair (Over 65 years old) – Older adults reflect on their lives with a sense of fulfillment, or they feel regret and despair over missed opportunities.
buamrid’s 4 parenting skills
Authoritative
Parents provide structure, clear rules, and warmth. This style is considered ideal and is linked to positive outcomes.
Authoritarian
Parents are strict and demanding, but don't respond warmly. This style is also known as the "rigid ruler" style.
Permissive
Parents are warm and responsive, but don't provide structure, rules, or boundaries.
Uninvolved/neglectful
Parents show low levels of both responsiveness and structure. This style is associated with the worst outcomes for children.
Stages of Grief
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
