Understanding Research Methods for Evidence-Based Practice in Health (NURS 1042)

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
GameKnowt Play
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/19

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Flashcards covering key concepts from levels of evidence, bias, NHMRC, and clinical practice guidelines.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

20 Terms

1
New cards

What is the central goal of evidence-based practice in healthcare as described in the notes?

To answer major clinical questions using research evidence; acknowledges that not all research is equally strong and bias can affect validity.

2
New cards

How are levels of evidence related to risk of bias?

Higher levels of evidence correspond to a lower risk of bias; lower levels have a higher risk of bias.

3
New cards

Name the typical research designs listed from strongest to weakest in the Levels of Evidence framework.

Systematic Reviews, Randomized Controlled Trials, Cohort Studies, Case-Control Studies, Case Series/Case Reports, Editorials/Expert Opinion.

4
New cards

What are the five common bias types that can affect intervention studies?

Allocation bias, Detection bias, Performance bias, Attrition bias, Measurement bias.

5
New cards

What databases are recommended for accessing high-quality healthcare evidence?

CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO.

6
New cards

What questions should you ask to determine if evidence is current and high quality?

Is it current? Is it informed by research? How well was it conducted? Is it bias-free? Is it peer-reviewed? How relevant is it to your population and setting?

7
New cards

What is the NHMRC and what does it do?

The National Health and Medical Research Council; it funds high-quality health research and guides clinicians to evaluate quality and relevance; defines levels of evidence and grades for recommendations.

8
New cards

What are the two aspects of research considered by NHMRC?

Clinical question (clearly defined to determine the evidence needed) and Level of evidence (well-designed research minimises bias).

9
New cards

What study design answers the question 'How effective is this treatment for this health condition?'

Intervention study, such as a randomized controlled trial.

10
New cards

What study design answers 'How accurate is this assessment or diagnostic procedure?'

Diagnostic accuracy study.

11
New cards

What study design answers 'What genetic, lifestyle or environmental hazards cause this health condition or make it more likely?'

Aetiological (epidemiological) study.

12
New cards

What study design answers 'How does this health condition progress if untreated?'

Prognostic study.

13
New cards

What study design answers 'Will community-wide screening for this health condition help or harm?'

Screening intervention study.

14
New cards

What is Level I NHMRC evidence?

Systematic reviews of Level II studies or Randomized Controlled Trials.

15
New cards

What characterizes Level IV NHMRC evidence?

Case series with a single arm; no control group; pre-post testing; cannot definitively attribute outcomes to the treatment.

16
New cards

What is a bias in research?

A systematic error in results or conclusions that threatens validity and trustworthiness.

17
New cards

What is the purpose of a clinical practice guideline?

A document providing evidence-based recommendations for managing a specific condition to aid clinical decision making.

18
New cards

What system does NHMRC use to rate quality of evidence and strength of recommendations?

The GRADE system, which classifies quality of evidence and strength of recommendations as strong, weak, conditional, or discretionary.

19
New cards

What is publication bias in systematic reviews?

The tendency for studies with positive or significant results to be published more often than negative results, skewing review conclusions.

20
New cards

What is the difference between primary and secondary evidence in the hierarchy of evidence?

Primary evidence comes from original studies (Levels II–IV); secondary evidence comes from systematic reviews (Level I) and reviews of Level II studies.