Client and Family Education

What is teacher-centered teaching

An instructional approach where the teacher is the primary authority, focusing on direct instruction, lecturing, and controlling the learning process.

What is Learner-centered teaching

An instructional approach that emphasizes the student's active role in the learning process, where they engage in hands-on activities, collaborative projects, and discussions to take ownership of their learning.

Key characteristics of Teacher-centered teaching

Characteristics include structured lessons, teacher-led discussions, a focus on tests and assessments, and limited student choice.

Key characteristics of Learner-centered teaching

Characteristics include flexibility in learning, student engagement in content creation, emphasis on critical thinking, and adaptability to diverse learning styles.

What are the benefits of Teacher-centered teaching

Benefits include efficient information delivery, clear expectations, and direct guidance from the teacher.

What are the benefits of Learner-centered teaching

Benefits include increased student motivation, enhanced understanding through exploration, and the development of critical thinking skills.

Behaviorist framework

The idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment. This learning theory states that behaviors are learned from the environment, and says

Social cognitive theory

1. Mastery experiences

2. Vicarious experiences (i.e., social modeling)

3. Social persuasion

4. States of emotions and physiology

Emphasizes the dynamic interaction between people (personal factors), their behavior, and their environments

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

• Physiological (food and clothing)

• Safety (job security)

• Love and belonging needs (friendship)

• Esteem

• Self-actualization.

A pyramid of the needs that motivate people

Constructionist learning theory

Learners construct knowledge rather than just passively take in information. As people experience the world and reflect upon those experiences, they build their own representations and incorporate new information into their pre-existing knowledge.

Learning considerations for children

Typically are in the process of developing cognitive skills and often learn best through hands-on, experiential activities. They may benefit from structured environments that provide direct instruction and guidance. Their learning can be highly influenced by play and social interaction.

Learning considerations for young adults

Usually possess more developed cognitive abilities and can engage in more abstract thinking. They often prefer collaborative and practical learning experiences that allow them to relate new information to their existing knowledge and real-life situations. Motivation may be linked to career and personal development.

Learning considerations for older adults

Often draw upon a wealth of life experiences that can enrich their learning. They may prefer self-directed and problem-based learning approaches, valuing relevance and applicability of content to their current lives. However, they might also face challenges such as cognitive decline or technology use that can affect their learning processes.

Health Literacy

The capacity to obtain and understand basic health information and services to make appropriate health decisions

Three levels of health literacy

• Basic or functional literacy

• Communicative literacy

• Critical literacy

Elements of evidence-based practice

• Best available evidence

• HCP’s clinical expertise

• Client’s values and preferences

Best available evidence

The strongest and most relevant information derived from systematic research that informs clinical practice and decision-making.

HCP’s clinical expertise

The knowledge, skills, and experiences that healthcare professionals (HCPs) acquire through their training and practice. This expertise is crucial in assessing patient needs, determining effective interventions, and making informed clinical decisions.

Client’s values and preferences

The individual beliefs, priorities, and choices that a client holds regarding their health, treatment options, and overall well-being. These factors are essential in ensuring that healthcare interventions align with what is most important to the client.

How to check the quality and reliably of health websites

• Credibility

• Content

• Usability

• External links

• Interactive services

Telehealth

using technology to provide medical care for clients from a distance

Benefits of incorporating technology in client education

Enhance accessibility to information, facilitate remote consultations through telehealth, improve engagement with interactive content, provide personalized learning experiences, and enable continuous learning and support outside of traditional settings.

Advantages of social media use in medicine

Enhanced communication with patients, increased public awareness about health issues, the ability to share health information rapidly, engagement with broader audiences, and the potential for building supportive online communities.

Limitations of social media use in medicine

Potential for misinformation, privacy concerns regarding patient data, challenges in maintaining professional boundaries, risk of oversimplifying complex medical issues, and the potential to distract from direct patient care.

Influences on Teaching and Learning

• Family structure and function

• Culture

• Gender and learning styles

• Readiness to learn, self-efficacy, and readiness to change

• Developmental stage

• System factors that influence the teaching and learning process

Goals, associated interventions, and outcomes need to be:

• Planned

• Implemented

• Evaluated

Nurse as principal healthcare provider

Assess, diagnose, plan, implement, and evaluate care for patients, integrating both clinical knowledge and patient advocacy in their practice.

Development of the teaching plan

• Teaching strategies

• Learning curve

• Evaluation

• Example of a teaching plan

Education is essential to provide clients and families with knowledge, skills, and confidence to deal with chronic illness. Research findings guide:

• Assessment

• Teaching plan development

• Ultimate educational outcomes