Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

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12 Terms

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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and highly poisonous gas known as “the silent killer.”

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Significance of carbon monoxide

It is the leading cause of accidental poisoning deaths in the United States.

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Long-term effects

People who survive carbon monoxide poisoning can have permanent brain damage.

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Sources of carbon monoxide

Fuel-burning household appliances, incomplete combustion in poorly ventilated buildings, and motor vehicle exhaust.

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Initial signs and symptoms

Headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, dyspnea on exertion, chest pain, impaired judgment, confusion, or hallucinations.

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Severe exposure effects

May result in syncope or seizure.

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Carbon monoxide binding

Carbon monoxide forms a much stronger bond with hemoglobin than does oxygen.

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Consideration of toxic gas exposure

Suspect if more than one patient in the same environment is experiencing the same signs and symptoms.

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Improvement of symptoms

Symptoms will start to improve as soon as the patient is removed from the toxic environment.

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Treatment for conscious patients

High-flow oxygen by nonrebreathing mask is the best treatment.

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Treatment for unconscious or altered patients

May need full airway control with insertion of an airway adjunct and bag-mask ventilation.

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Severe cases treatment

Patients may be treated with hyperbaric or pressurized oxygen therapy.