American Civil War Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes about the American Civil War.

What were the years of the American Civil War?

1861-1865

Who fought in the Civil War?

The Union and the Confederacy

When did the attack on Fort Sumter occur?

April 1861

When did the surrender at Appomattox Court House occur?

April 1865

Where is Fort Sumter located?

An island in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina

What significance does Fort Sumter hold in relation to the Civil War?

The site of the first battle of the Civil War

What are Border States?

Slave states that didn't leave the Union

Name the original Border States during the Civil War.

Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland

What additional state became a border state during the Civil War?

West Virginia

What quote is Stephen Douglas known for in relation to the Civil War?

Every man must be for the United States or against it.

What rivers made border states like Kentucky and Missouri important?

Ohio and Mississippi Rivers

What city became the Confederate capital?

Richmond, Virginia

Approximately how many soldiers died in the Civil War?

698,000

Who was the 16th President of the United States during the Civil War?

Abraham Lincoln

Who was the President of the Confederate States of America?

Jefferson Davis

Who was a leading general in the Union Army?

Ulysses S. Grant

Who was a highly respected general in the Confederate Army?

Robert E. Lee

What was Thomas Jackson's nickname?

Stonewall Jackson

Who founded the American Red Cross?

Clara Barton

Who was the escaped slave who became a powerful abolitionist leader?

Frederick Douglass

What was Abraham Lincoln's primary goal during the Civil War?

To preserve the Union

In what year did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

1863

What was Jefferson Davis' aim as president of the Confederacy?

To establish and maintain the Confederacy as an independent nation

What was Ulysses S. Grant known for as a general?

Achieved key victories for the Union, including the capture of Vicksburg

Where did Rivert E. Lee surrender, marking a turning point in American history?

Appomattox Courthouse

In what battle did Thomas Jackson earn his nickname 'Stonewall'?

First Battle of Bull Run

At what battle was Stonewall Jackson mortally wounded?

Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863

What nickname did Clara Barton earn for her work during the Civil War?

Angel of the Battlefield

How did Frederick Douglass's speeches and writings influence the war?

Galvanized support for the Union cause and the abolition of slavery

What was the North's strategy for the Civil War?

Capture Richmond, Establish a Naval Blockade, Control Mississippi River

What was the South's strategy for the Civil War?

Cotton Diplomacy, Wear Down the Union, Take Washington DC, Prolong the War

What was the impact of rifled muskets during the Civil War?

Increased accuracy and range, lead to more casualties

What impact did ironclad ships have on warfare?

New military technology, changed naval warfare, leading to the modernization of ships

How did railroads influence the battle outcomes of the Civil War?

Troop and supply movements, battle outcomes

How did the telegraph impact the Civil War?

Rapid battlefield communication, gave Union strategic advantages

What was the aerial technology used in the Civil War?

Hot Air Balloons and Aerial Surveying

What was the name for the group that had a fight for freedom?

Buffalo Soldiers

Who was the first documented black woman to serve in the U.S. Army?

Cathay Williams

What type of proclamation was the Emancipation Proclamation?

A military proclamation; it only freed those who were in territories openly in rebellion

When did President Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

January 1, 1863

What event led to the Emancipation Proclamation?

After the union won!

What ideals were stressed in the Gettysburg Address?

To ensure a new birth of freedom

When was the Gettysburg Address delivered?

November 19, 1863

What was the purpose of the Gettysburg Address?

To stress the ideals of liberty, equality, and democracy

What phrase from the Gettysburg Address has become iconic?

Government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

What was Reconstruction?

Readjusting and rebuilding the Southern states and bringing them back into the Union after the fighting ended

What were the years of Reconstruction?

1865-1877

What was the name of Lincoln's Reconstruction plan?

Ten Percent Plan

What were the terms of Lincoln's Reconstruction plan?

That if 10% of the people who voted in the 1860 election in a Southern state took an oath of loyalty to the U.S. and agreed to end slavery, they could form a new state government.

What was the goal of Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?

A quick and easy way for the country to heal and reunite

What were the terms of Johnson's Reconstruction plan?

Required Southern states to accept the 13th Amendment and declare that secession was wrong

Who were the Radical Republicans?

Members of Congress who thought Lincoln's plan was too easy on the South

Why did the Radical Republicans oppose Lincoln's Reconstruction plan?

They wanted to punish the Southern states for starting the war and they strongly wanted to protect the rights of the newly freed enslaved people.

What actually happened during the Reconstruction period?

Radical Reconstruction

What did the Radical Reconstruction do to the South?

divided the South into five military districts

What was required in Southern states because of the Radical Reconstruction?

required Southern states to allow Black men to vote and to approve the 14th Amendment

Which amendment officially ended enslavement in the entire United States?

13th Amendment

Which amendment granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the U.S.?

14th Amendment

Which amendment gave all male citizens the right to vote?

15th Amendment

Which Reconstruction plan was most lenient towards the South?

Lincoln's Plan

Which Reconstruction plan aimed to punish the South and protect African American rights?

Radical Republicans' Plan

What did dividing the South into five military districts achieve?

Putting the South under the control of the U.S. Army

In what year was the 13th Amendment ratified?

1865

In what year was the 14th Amendment ratified?

1868

In what year was the 15th Amendment ratified?

1870

What served as the capital of the Union?

Washington D.C.

What served as the capital of the Confederacy?

Richmond, Virginia

Who later became the 18th President of the United States?

Ulysses S. Grant

What river was important to both sides in the war?

Mississippi River

Which key person issued the Emancipation Proclamation?

Abraham Lincoln

Which key person marked a major turning point in American History at Appomattox Courthouse?

Robert E. Lee

Which key person advocated for the rights of African Americans to serve in the Union Army?

Frederick Douglass

What army did Clara Barton serve?

Union

What group helped pave the way for a fight for freedom and equality?

Black Soldiers in the Civil War

What is a public or official announcement, especially one dealing with a matter of great importance?

Proclamation

What mean to set free, especially from legal, social, or political restrictions?

Emancipate

What battle of the Civil War started the American Civil War?

The Battle of Fort Sumter

What battle of the Civil War was the first major land battle of the American Civil War?

The Battle of Bull Run

What battle of the Civil War was one of the first major battles in the Western Theater?

The Battle of Shiloh

What battle of the Civil War was the bloodies single-day battle in American history, with over 22,000 casualties?

The Battle of Antietam

What battle of the Civil War is considered the wars turning point?

The Battle of Gettysburg

What Civil War battle was the final military action in the Vicksburg Campaign?

Siege of Vicksburg

Which side had states bordering the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and the Great Lakes?

North

Which year did West Virginia get admitted to the Union?

1863

What are Ironclad Ships?

Metal warships.

Why was Abraham Lincoln important to the Civil War?

Led the Union (the North) through the Civil War.

Why was Jefferson Davis important to the Civil War?

President of the Confederate States of America (the South).

Why was Ulysses S. Grant important to the Civil War?

A leading general in the Union Army.

Why was Robert E. Lee important to the Civil War?

A highly respected general in the Confederate Army.

Why was Stonewall Jackson important to the Civil War?

A prominent and highly effective general in the Confederate Army.

Why was Clara Barton important to the Civil War?

A pioneering nurse who played a crucial role serving the Union

Why was Frederick Douglass important to the Civil War?

An escaped slave who became a powerful abolitionist leader, writer, and orator.

What actions of Radical Republicans in Congress during Reconstruction would have been seen as the most punitive towards the South?

They passed laws that divided the South into five military districts

Control of what geographic feature was a key part of the North's strategy to win the Civil War, according to the lecture notes?

Mississippi River

Which side in the American Civil War had the advantage of bordering both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans?

The Union

Which group advocated most strongly for protecting the rights of newly freed enslaved people during Reconstruction?

Radical Republicans

Which political figure's quote, 'Every man must be for the United States or against it,' reflected the sentiment of national unity during the Civil War era?

Stephen Douglas

What document declared freedom for all enslaved people in Confederate-held territories?

Emancipation Proclamation

Who delievered the Gettysburg Address, deliverd on November 19, 1863?

Delivered by Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1863, at the Gettysburg battlefield.

What was the Ten Percent Plan?

Lincoln's plan to allow seceded states back into the Union