Observation: ROM

recording ROM: 0 is usually

anatomic position or neutral (forearm is the exception)

0-9 points, 1 point per test. the higher the score, the more hypermobile. 5-7 may lead to thinking about CT disorders.

Beighton score

Recording ROM: + in front of number would imply

beyond neutral (hypermobile)

recording ROM: - in front of a number would imply

short of neutral (hypomobile)

Normal End Feels: Soft

Knee flexion contact between calf and hamstring. Soft tissue approximation.

Normal End Feels: Firm - Muscular Stretch/tension

Hip flexion with knee straight-hamstring brought under tension

contracture

tissue that limits motion

Normal End Feels: Firm - Capsular

2nd MCP extension limited by anterior capsule and volar plate

Normal End Feels: Firm - Ligamentous stretch

Forearm supination- tension in interosseous membrane

Normal End Feels: Hard - Boney approximation

elbow extension

Abnormal End-Feels: Soft

Occurs early or later than usual in a joint that usually has a hard end-feel. Soft tissue edema. (Boggy)

Abnormal End-Feels: Firm

In a joint that normally has a soft end feel. Increased muscle tone/guarding, Tight ligamentous complex (frozen shoulder)

Abnormal End-Feels: Hard

In a join that normally has a soft end feel. Loose bone fragments; fracture

Abnormal End-Feels: Empty

Pain at end range -unable to assess end feel. Acute joint pain (ex acute ligamentous injury of the knee, that is now acutely inflamed)

in most individuals The knee AROM would look like:

+10 to 135 degrees

in the knee, 0 is

neutral or full extension

when recording ROM the first number is

extension (dorsiflexion)

when recording ROM the 2nd number is

flexion (abduction, plantarflexion)

most individuals ankle AROM is

+20 to 70

• 20 Degrees of Dorsiflexion

• 70 degree of plantar flexion

Normal knee flexion

125-135 degrees

considered functional knee flexion

110-120 degrees

1 measurer, Measurements agree from multiple measurements

Intratester reliability

Measurements agree between multiple measurers

Intertester reliability

inability of the tissue to passively elongate

passive insufficiency

muscle has inability to achieve any further ROM

active insufficiency