Foundations of Epidemiology - Screening: Validity & Reliability

Flashcards covering key concepts related to screening, validity, and reliability in epidemiology.

Screening

Application of a test or procedure to detect potential disease in asymptomatic individuals.

Primary Prevention

Preventing disease occurrence through measures such as immunizations and exposure reduction.

Secondary Prevention

Early detection of disease, typically through screening programs.

Tertiary Prevention

Improving treatment and minimizing morbidity for existing diseases.

Validity

The degree to which a test measures what it purports to measure.

Reliability

The consistency of a test's results upon repeated administration.

Sensitivity

The ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease.

Specificity

The ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who do not have the disease.

Positive Predictive Value (PPV)

The proportion of positive test results that are true cases of the disease.

Negative Predictive Value (NPV)

The proportion of negative test results that are true negatives.

Overdiagnosis

Diagnosing a disease that would not have become clinically apparent if left undetected.

False Positive

A test result that incorrectly indicates the presence of a disease.

False Negative

A test result that incorrectly indicates the absence of a disease.

Colonoscopy

A diagnostic procedure used to identify abnormalities in the colon.

Low-Dose CT (Computed Tomography)

A recommended screening method for lung cancer detection.