CE&L lec 3

What are the three major legal systems? (Main systems)

Common Law, Civil Law (Legal System), Religious Law.

Where did Common Law originate?

England.

What is Common Law based on?

Judicial precedents (past court decisions).

What is the key idea of Common Law?

Past decisions guide future cases.

What is Civil Law (Legal System) based on?

Written codes and statutes.

Which countries commonly use Civil Law?

Germany, France, Japan.

What is Religious Law based on?

Religious texts and principles.

What is an example of Religious Law?

Sharia Law.

What does Criminal Law deal with?

Crimes against society or the state.

Who prosecutes a criminal case?

The government/state.

Give three examples of criminal offenses.

Theft, hacking, cyber fraud.

What are common criminal penalties?

Prison, fines, punishment.

What does Civil Law deal with?

Disputes between individuals or organizations.

Give three examples of civil disputes.

Contracts, property disputes, compensation claims.

What are common civil remedies?

Damages and injunctions (retraining orders).

What does Administrative Law regulate?

Government agencies and their actions.

What does Constitutional Law protect?

Fundamental rights and government structure.

What is the burden of proof in Criminal Law?

Beyond reasonable doubt.

What is the burden of proof in Civil Law?

Balance of probabilities.

In a cyber fraud case, what is the goal of criminal proceedings?

Punishment.

In a cyber fraud case, what is the goal of civil proceedings?

Compensation.

What happens in a phishing attack?

Fake emails steal login credentials and money.

What is identity theft?

Using another person's identity for fraud.

What is a breach of software contract?

Failure to deliver agreed software properly or on time.

What is the most important exam insight?

One incident can trigger Criminal, Civil, Administrative, and Constitutional law simultaneously.