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When we publicly act in line with a direct request, we are engaging in...
Compliance
A psychology professor divides her experimental psychology class into three work groups. A member of group B is asked to distribute lab manuals to the whole class. Some of these are worn and ragged. The student arranges the stack to give the better manuals to his group members. Of which of the following is this situation an example?
Ingroup bias
What made the results of the Milgram Obedience Study so disturbing to scientists and the public?
No one expected that 50% of the participants would obey the experimenter and deliver shocks up to the highest level.
Realistic group conflict theory suggests that prejudice and discrimination arise from
Competition over limited resources
Which of the following best describes the conclusions reached by Aarts and Dijksterhuis in the "library study" discussed during lecture?
Social norms for a given situation activate automatically when we expect that we will be entering that situation soon.
If you start wearing a particular brand of jacket because the popular kids do, you are engaging in _____ conformity.
Normative
In Cornell's "shooter bias" study, what pattern of findings described the shooter bias?
Both White and Black participants were faster to make "shoot" decisions for armed Black targets and "don't shoot decisions for unarmed White targets.
Cry tries to get Joanie to help him move by reminding her of all the times he gave her a ride home, helped her with classwork, and bought her lunch over the course of the semester, asking why she couldn't just do this one thing for him in return. Which norm is Cy exploiting to ensure Joanie's compliance?
Reciprocity
People who enjoy what they do for its own sake and don't require any other reward have what type of motivation?
Intrinsic
The act of comparing our ideal and ought selves to our actual selves creates a feeling called...
Self-discrepancy
A television infomercial tells viewers that they can get the world's best steak knives for only $25. Right before the infomercial ends, viewers are told that if they call within the next thirty minutes, they will also receive a can opener for free. This example demonstrates the ____ technique.
That's-not-all
Al believes that women are wonderful and that they need to be taken care of. He views women as gifts that require protection from the harsh world. Al is demonstrating:
Benevolent sexism
Why does offering even a bad reason for someone's compliance make them more likely to comply with a request?
We are not likely to pay attention to the reason and rely on the heuristic that any reason must be a good one.
What role did responsibility play in the results of the Milgram Obedience Study?
The less directly responsible the participants felt, the more likely they were to keep shocking the victim
Which theory suggests that prejudice arises from our support for the important social groups that we have included into our self-concept?
Social identity theory
People who share qualities in common with us are part of our ____, those who do not are part of our ______.
Ingroup; outgroup
Wu's religious tradition requires men to keep their heads covered at all times. He is aware that, in America, men bare their heads when the flags passes by. He feels conflicted, but decides the disapproving looks are not worth it, and he removes his hat. Wu's behavior is an example of which of the following?
Normative Conformity.
According to the warmth and competence appraisal model of prejudice, how are we likely to view the elderly, and what type of behavior will we exhibit towards them?
High in warmth and low in competence; pitying
In the movie Independence Day, armies from all over the world put aside old grudges to join forces against extraterrestrials invading Earth. Defending Earth from alien invaders is an example of a(n) ____.
Superordinate goal
_____ is the fear that you will confirm the stereotypes that others have regarding your Ingroup.
Stereotype threat
According to the concepts of distinctiveness and illusionary correlation, ____ behaviors on the part of members of _____ groups are particularly distinctive and memorable.
negative; minority
Bill's belief that all AA are good at sports is an example of ___. Bill's refusal to hire AA is an example of ___.
Stereotyping; discrimination.
A commonly used compliance strategy that involves having someone agree to a small request and then making a larger request is called
The foot-in-the-door technique.
Seth gets the members of his fraternity's new4 pledge class to strip down to their underwear and run from Old Main to the FAB in the middle of January. He tells them that if they don't do this, they won't become members of the fraternity. Seth gets the pledge class to do this through the use of:
Social power
What was the conclusion of Langer's "photocopier study"?
Compliance can be attained by offering a reason, even if it isn't a good reason.
The rules of conduct that prescribe the manner in which people should generally behave are called
Social norms
With regard to the role of the victim in the Milgram Obedience Study, when were participants least likely to obey?
When the victim was in the same room as the participant, and the participant had to make the victim put his hand down onto a shock plate to receive punishment.
Trixie is nervous about taking the GRE; she heard that women do not do as well as men on the exam. As a result, her anxiety interferes with her performance, and she does poorly. What concept discussed in lecture best explains this?
Stereotype threat
____ is the tendency to give more favorable evaluations and rewards to members of one's own group than to outgroups.
Ingroup bias
Going into a group meeting at work, you are concerned that you will end up conforming to the rest of the group on decisions, even when you disagree. Which of the following factors could make you more likely to conform?
Feeling uncertain about the topic at hand
In the Robber's Cave study, the key factor in resolving the conflict between the Eagles and the Rattlers was...
The desire to reach superordinate goals.
Which of the following is the central defining quality of obedience?
Direct orders from an authority
Charlie, a male college student, believes that all female professors think alike, and look alike. Charlie is demonstrating the ___ effect.
Outgroup homogeneity
People who hold a minority view tend to change the majority opinion through
Informational social influence
A university professor is recommending his doctoral-level graduates for various college- level positions. He writes strong, detailed recommendations for his male graduates, and his female graduates receive brief, generic recommendations. Which of the following is this professor engaging in with his behavior?
Discrimination
Which of the following is NOT a reason that people are more likely to comply with a request for help when they are in a good mood?
For people in a good mood, helping someone increases self-verification motives
Resources - such as authority, force, money, or status - that can be used to get people to change their thoughts and behavior, are forms of:
Social power
The collection of traits, beliefs, and characteristics associated with a social group are referred to as
A stereotype
According to lecture, which of the following best describes the relationship between stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination?
Everyone possesses stereotype information, believing the stereotype leads to prejudice, and acting on prejudice leads to discrimination.
According to lecture, what is the most likely outcome of receiving extrinsic rewards for things you are intrinsically motivated to do?
You will start to enjoy it less
Looking up to role models is an example of ____, and following misbehavior of people on reality television is an example of ___.
Upward social comparison; downward social comparison
Which of the following is NOT a situational factor that influences conformity?
Need for individuation
Discrepancy between the actual self and the ideal self leads to ___, and discrepancy between the actual self and ought self leads to ___.
Contemplation-based emotions; action-based emotions
Which of the following describes a primary cause of prejudice?
Real of perceived conflict over real and symbolic resources
Prejudice can be defined as:
The evaluation of members of a social group based on the belief that the stereotype of the group is true.
You unexpectedly receive a box of attractive note cards from a charitable group. The literature accompanying the cards requests a donation. In what was is this group seeking compliance?
By taking advantage of the reciprocity norm
In the Milgram Obedience Study, when did the presence of an authority (i.e., the experimenter) make people most likely to obey?
When the authority was in the same room as the participant
In Schachter's first affiliation, people who expected to undergo painful shocks were ___, because ____.
More likely to sit with other people than alone; the presence of others is comforting
Imagined versions of the self that we used to judge progress towards goals are referred to as:
Possible selves
Social psychologists differentiate between several types of social influence. Which of the following scenarios best characterizes the concept of obedience?
David is pouring himself a cup of coffee when his boss shows up and says, "Pour me a cup of coffee." David pours the cup of coffee and gives it to his boss.
In Sherif's Robber's Cave study, what was the critical "tipping point" that leads to intergroup conflict?
Having the group compete for prizes and access to camp resources
Discrimination can be defined as
Behavior based on prejudice
A social norm that reflects how things are typically done is called a(n) ___ norm, whereas a social norm that reflects what behaviors are approved is called a(n) ___ norm.
Descriptive; prescriptive
Terms like "culture war" and "assault on traditional family values" describe which type of conflict?
Symbolic conflict
As discussed in lecture, what was the major finding of the research conducted by Aarts and Dijksterhuis on the activation of social norms?
Participants who were shown a picture of a library and who expected to go to the library started speaking more quietly than everyone else.
The main purpose of Asch's conformity study was to...
Examine situations in which one's own beliefs clearly conflict with those of the group.
The act of changing someone's attitudes or behavior through the exercise of social power is called:
Social influence
The executives of a manufacturing firm are all white males. The middle managers are all African-Americans, and the line workers are newly immigrated Mexican Americans. There is a great deal of racial conflict among these groups. The CEO decides to test the contact hypothesis by forming three-person groups with a representative from each level of worker. Each group is given a specific task to accomplish cooperatively. According to the five conditions for successful intergroup contact discussed in lecture, which of the following is the most likely outcome, and why?
The criterion of equal status contact has not yet been met, and therefore conflict will continue
Alma believes that all AA should have equal access to a good education, adequate health care and quality housing, but also believes that most AA lack the motivation to advance themselves academically and economically. Of which of the following are her attitudes most typical?
Modern racism
Which of the following is a conclusion we can draw from Mamie and Kenneth Clark's "doll study" as discussed in lecture?
Members of stereotyped groups can internalize those stereotypes at a young age.
