Gross Anatomy Lab I Back and spiral cord

Superficial muscles of the back are connected to the…

Shoulder girdle

Intermediate muscles of the back are…

Involved with movement of the thoracic wall

The deep (postvertebral ) muscles of the back are..

Associated with the vertebral column

What are the muscular triangles? Which muscles are they made out of?

Ausculatory ( scapula, latissimus dorsi and trapezius ) and lumbar

(Iatissimus dorsi, external obliques, and iliac )

#1

Trapezius muscle

#2

Latissimus Doris

#3

Thoracolumbar fascia

#4

Deltoid

#5

Teres minor

#6

Teres major

#7

Infraspinatus

#8

Supraspinatus

#9

Rhomboid major

#10

Rhomboid minor

#11

Levator scapulae

#12

Splenius Capitis

#13

Semispinalis capitis

#14

Stereocleidomastoid

#1

Trapezius

#2

Latissimus Dorsi

#3

Thoracolumbar fascia

#4

Deltoid

#5

Teres minor

#6

Teres major

#7

Infraspinatus

#8

Supraspinatus

#9

Rhomboid major

#10

Rhomboid minor

#11

Levator capitis

#I2

Splenius capitis

#13

Semispinalis capitis

#14

Sternocleidomastoid

Now many cervical segments are in the vertebral column?

Seven (cereal at seven feel it by 8)

What is special about c1?

Also called atlas. lacks a vertebral and a spinous process,

What is special about c2?

It has an anterior superior projection and a dens / odontoid process where it articulates with c1

How many segments are in the thoracic vertebral column?

Twelve (tuna salad at twelve )

What is important about the thoracic vertebral column?

It articulates with the head and the tubercles of the ribs

How many segments are in the lumbar vertebral column?

Five (lasagna at five)

How many segments are in the sacral vertebral column?

One but technically five because they are all fused (sweet treat at five)

How many normal spinal curves are present looking AT ? A lateral view

Four! Conical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

Which are the primary curves and what does that mean?

Thoracic and sacral, present at birth. Thoracic curve is convex posteriorly and the sacral curve is also convex posteriorly

What are the secondary curves and what does that mean?

Cervical and lumbar. Developed after birth. Cervical curve developed first once babies begin lifting the head. Cervical curve has a posterior concavity. Lumbar curve develops once walking begins and has a posterior concavity

#1

Transverse process

#2

Superior articular facet

#3

Pedicle

#4

Superior demifacet

#5

Vertebral body

#6

Vertebral foramen

#7

Facet for articular part of tubercle of rib

#8

Lamina

#9

Spinous process

#1

Superior vertebral notch

#2

Superior facet

#3

Ventral body

#4

Inferior demifacet

#5

Spinous process

#6

Inferior articular facet

#7

Facet for particular part of tubercle of rib

#8

Transverse process

#9

pedicle

#10

Superior particular facet

Which abnormal curvature is defined as an increased posterior convexity of the thoracic spine?

Kyphosis

Which abnormality is defined as an increased anterior convexity of the lumbar spine?

Lordosis

What is the condition for lateral deviation of the spine?

Scoliosis

What are IV discs?

Flexible fibro- Cartilaginous cushions that sit between each pair of vertebrae in the spine

What is a symphysis?

Type of joint in which two bone surfaces are held together by a pad of fibrocartilage

What is annulus fibrosus?

The tough outer ring of an intervertebral disc and wraps around the nucleus pulposus

What is a nucleus pulposus?

The soft gel-like center of an intervertebral disc

Where are IV discs found?

From Between C2 and C3 to the L5 and S1 ventral bodies

What kind of joint is found between the vertebral arches?

Zygapophyseal (facet) joints, which are synovial joints between the superior and inferior particular processes allowing a gliding motion to occur

What is a herniated disc?

Bulging disc

When the nucleus pulposis of an IV disc pushes through a tear or weakness in the outer annulus fibrosus

What is spina bifida occulta?

Occulta = hidden. Occurs after a neural tube defect and can be signaled by a small tuft of hair on the navel

What is meningocele?

Neural tube defect where protective coverings of spinal card (meninges) protrude out through an opening in the vertebral arch

What is the location of the spinal cord?

In the vertebral canal (formed by the vertebral foramina )

Where dues the spinal card run through?

Lower end of brain stem to L2 vertebrae where the cord has an end called conns medullaris

#1

Conus medullaris

#2

Filum Terminale

#I

Dura mater

#2

Spinal Aracnoid mater

#3

Spinal pia mater

How are the spinal pia mater and filum terminal related?

The pia mater extends from the conus medullaris as the fílum terminale and then passes through the lumbar sac and inserts in me COz vertebrae (provides support to the spinal card

#1

Conus medullaris

#2

Dura mater

#3

Cauda equina

#4

Sacrum

#5

Filum terminal

#1

Pia mater

#2

Arachnoid mater

#3

Dura mater

#4

Denticulate ligaments (lateral extensions of the pia mater)

What are the spaces associated with the meninges?

Epidural space, subdural space, and subarachnoid space

Why is anesthesia placed in the epidural space?

There it will affect only the nerves because it contains the internal venous plexus

????

What is the spinal sub arachnoid space?

The space between the arachnoid and Pia mater and it contains CSF the spinal card ends @ L2 ve Debra but subarachnoid space extends to s2 vertebrae

The subarachnoid space is enlarged between L2 and S2 what is that called?

Lumbar cistern where the caudal equina is found

What are spinal segments?

Paired spinal nerves that arise from deviations of the spinal cord

How many spinal segments are in the cervical region?

8 cervical segments ⑦ cervical vertebrae

How many spinal segments are in the thoracic region?

12 thoracic segments for the 12 thoracic vertebrae

How many lumbar segments?

5 lumbar segments (nerves) for the five lumbar vertebrae

How many sacral segments?

5 sacral segments for the five (fused ) sacral vertebrae

#1

Dorsal root (sensory)