IB HOA - Progressive Era

Progressives

Those who believed in the idea of social, economic, and political progress in society through purposeful human intervention in societal affairs.

16th Amendment

Amendment that ratified Congress's power to collect an income tax for the federal government. (1913)

17th Amendment

Amendment that changed the election of Senators to be from the popular vote instead of from state legislators. (1913)

18th Amendment

The Prohibition amendment - stopped the transportation, sale, and manufacturing of alcoholic beverages in the U.S. (1919)

19th Amendment

Amendment that granted women the right to vote and affirmed suffrage could not be denied "on account of sex." (1920)

Pure Food and Drug Act

Law enacted in 1906 that regulated the safety/handling of food and drugs. Led to the creation of the FDA and further regulations for food and drug specifications and handling.

Square Deal

Theodore Roosevelt's domestic policy focused on conservation of natl. resources, control of corps, and consumer protection (3 Big Cs)

conservation v. preservation

Debate over whether federally owned lands should be conserved - used not just for recreation but also allotted (in amounts) for commercial and resource extraction purposes, or preservation - the keeping of federal lands/wilderness in a natural state

Clayton Antitrust Act

(1914) Strengthened existing anti-trust laws by preventing further anti-competition practices and promoting fair competition in business.

Federal Reserve System

Central banking system of the U.S. created in 1913 to regulate monetary policy, regulate banks, and provide banking services to the govt. and financial sector.

War Industries Board

American agency that coordinate production and materials during WW1 in hopes to efficiently mobilize resources in order to assist the war effort. Controlled prices to control inflation and standardized production processes among other things.

NAACP

The "National Association for the Advancement of Colored People" which led the drive for equal rights through the judicial system, fighting lawsuits in federal courts and engaging in other issues of the African-American community such as lynching.

WEB Dubois

(1868-1963) American activist and sociologist who advocated for the social advancement of African-Americans through education and assertive political action. His book "The Souls of Black" admonished the passivity of figures such as Booker T. Washington and promoted taking the efforts to attain the maximum educational opportunities possible.

Muckrakers

A new wave of journalists who sought to direct attention towards socioeconomic and political injustices and expose them to the greater public.

Upton Sinclair

(1878-1968) American muckraker and novelist whose novel "The Jungle" (1906) exposed the horrible conditions of the meatpacking industry and the exploitation of immigrant workers.

Jacob Riis

(1849 - 1914) Social reformer, journalist, and photographer whose works ignited major urban reform in major cities, especially through collections such as "How the Other Half Lives" which exposed the overwhelming poverty, overcrowding, and mistreatment of immigrants in New York City's immigrant neighborhoods.

Jane Addams

(1860 - 1935) Social reformer and activist who frontlined the settlement house movement that served to help immigrant families adapt to American culture, life, and the English language.

Hull House

One of the first settlement houses opened in Chicago in 1889 that sought to provide help immigrant families integrate into American society.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

(1840-1914) American naval officer and historian whose work "The Influence of Sea Power upon History" revealed the importance of a strengthened navy in bolstering American military power.

Roosevelt Corollary

Extension of the Monroe Doctrine in 1904 that asserted the American right to intervene with Latin American national affairs in order to "protect them from international creditors" and prevent "foreign aggression to the detriment of American nations"

Panama Canal

Waterway in Panama connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans that circumvented the former routes that passed either overland or below South America.

Spanish-American War

(1898) Conflict stemming from the explosion of the U.S.S Maine in Havana (blame the Maine on Spain) that resulted in the ceding of multiple Spanish colonies to the U.S.

Filipino war

The Philippine-American War (1899-1902), or a conflict between the U.S. and Filipino revolutionaries that sought Filipino independence but ultimately ended in American colonial rule being established.

Platt Amendment

Provision in the Cuban constitution (1901) that set the precedent for American presence in Cuban affairs meant to "protect American interests in Cuba."

Henry Cabot Lodge

(1850 - 1924) Senator of Massachusetts from 1893 to 1924 who advocated for American imperialism and the expansion/annexation of its territories.