midterm 2 - insulin drugs

how is insulin categorized by?

its onset & duration of action (how quick it works & how long it works)

what are the categories of insulin?

• short-acting

• intermediate-acting

• long-acting

• ultra-long acting

what is an examples of short-acting insulin?

Regular crystalline (Regular Iletin)

what is Regular crystalline (short-acting insulin) used for?

• initially to treat diabetic ketoacidosis

• & to control blood glucose until animal is stabilized

what kind of characteristics does Regular crystalline (short-acting insulin)?

• IV, SM, SQ

• not for long-term use

• immediate onset of action when given IV

what is an example of intermediate-acting insulin?

• NPH - neutral protamine hagedorn

• Lente (Vetsulin)

what are intermediate-acting insulin used for?

to control uncomplicated diabetes mellitus in cats & dogs

what are the characteristics of intermediate-acting insulin?

• duration of action between 6-24 hrs

• human insulin products may be less expensive & better to use w large dogs

what is an examples of long-acting insulin?

• protamine zinc insulin - PZI (PZI Vet)

• Ultralente

what are the characteristics of long-acting insulin?

• poorly absorbed from tissue (lasts longer)

• duration of action is abt 6-28 hrs

what is something important to note about long-acting insullin?

PZI is the insulin of choice for cats

what is an example of ultra-long acting insulin?

Glargine (Lantus)

what are the characteristics of ultra-long acting insulin?

• recombinant human type of insulin

• can take a few days to achieve max effect & overdose can occur

• appropriate for use in cats

what type of injection is regular insulin?

recombinant human

what kind of admin route in regular insulin (injection) given through?

• IV

• IM

• SQ

what is the onset of action for regular insulin (injection)?

• IV: immediate

• IM & SQ: 10-30 mins

what is the duration of action for regular insulin (injection)?

• IV: 1-4 hrs

• IM: 3-8 hrs

• SQ: 4-10 hrs

what type of med is NPH insulin?

• isophane insulin suspension

• recombinant human

what admin route is NPH insulin given through?

SQ

what is the onset of action of NPH insulin?

20-120 mins

what is the duration of action for NPH insulin?

• 6-18 hrs (dog)

• 4-12 hrs (cat)

what type of med is Lente insulin?

• porcine insulin zinc suspension

• recombinant human, purified pork

what admin route is Lente insulin given through?

SQ

what is the onset of action for Lente insulin?

30-120 mins

what is the duration of action for Lente insulin?

14-24 hrs

what type of med is PZI insulin?

• protamine zinc suspension

• beef-pork

what admin of route is PZI insulin given through?

SQ

what is the onset of action for PZI insulin?

60-240 mins

what is the duration of action for PZI insulin?

• 6-28 hrs (dog)

• 6-24 hrs (cat)

what type of med is Insulin giargine?

• insulin analog

• recombinant human

what admin route is Insulin giargine given through?

SQ

what is the onset of action for Insulin giargine?

60-120 mins

what is the duration of action for Insulin giargine?

18-24 hrs

what is insulin concentration expressed in?

• in units of insulin per milliliter

• available in 40 units/mL (U-40), 100 units/mL (U-100), 500 units/mL (U-500)

who is U-40 commonly given to?

• used in small amounts to cats & dogs

• used w appropriately gauged syringes

  • available in half-unit & whole unit syringes

how is insullin stored?

• stable at room temp but kept in refrigerator

• is becomes discolored or precipitates, should be thrown away

• should be mixed by gently rolling between palms