UCSAP FINALS

Nationality

The identity that is tied to being part of a nation or country.

NATIONALIZATION

legal act or process by which a non-citizen of a country may acquire citizenship or nationality of that country.

Ethnic Groups

Human population whose members identify with each other.

Sex

Biological characteristics of humans.

Gender

Socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes.

Heterosexual

Inclined to be sexually attracted to the opposite sex

Homosexual

Sexually attracted to the same sex

Gay

Male is romantically and sexually attracted to another male

Lesbian

Female who is romantically and sexually attracted to another female

Bisexual

Attracted to both sexes

Asexual

Incapable of being attracted to any sex

Polysexual

Attracted to multiple types of gender identity.

Pansexual

Accomodate all types of gender

Transgender

Gender identity do not match with biological identity

Transexual

Sexual orientation is not related to genitilia

typical determinants of one social status

• Income

• Value of assets and savings

• Cultural interests and hobbies

Social Class

way to categorize people in society

Social class category

• Rich

• High income

• Upper middle income

• Middle class

• Lower Middle class

• Low income

• Poor

Political Indentity

set of attitudes and practices that an individual adheres to in relation to the political systems and actors

Religion

Belief in the supernatural, Earliest forms of religion revolved around making sense of natural occurences.

Monotheistic

Belief of one God

Polytheistic

Belief of multiple Gods

Natural Science

Deals with the natural world, studies natural events.

Social Science

Deals with human behavior in its social and cultural aspects, primarily focuses in Human society and social relationship

Social Science branches

• Anthropology

• Sociology

• Political science

• Economics

• Psychology

• Geography

Anthropology

Study of human beings and ancestors, came from a latin word anthropos meaning man and logos meaning study

Franz Boas

• Father of American Anthropology (1858-1942)

• Advocate cultural relativism

Edward B. Taylor

Gave the definition of culture

Brances of Anthropology

• Cultural Anthropology

• Linguistic Anthropology

• Archaeology Anthropology

• Biological Anthropology

• Applied Anthropology

Cultural Anthropology

Study of people with variation and progress in culture

Linguistic Anthropology

Study of language, its evolution, and its connection to other languages.

Archaeology Anthropology

Study of past human cultures through material remains

Biological Anthropology

Study of human origins including genetics, race, evolution.

Applied Anthropology

Analyze social, political and develop solutions.

Sociology

Study of human relationship with human society and interaction, came from latin word Socuis meaning companion and Logos meaning study.

Auguste Comte

• Introduced Positivism.

• Study society scientifically through evidences, experiments, and statistics to clearly see the operations of the society.

Karl Marx

• Disagreed with comte’s Positivism

• Believed that societies developed because of the struggles of different social classes over production

Social Organization

Group of interacting people with the same goals

Social Psychology

Study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, beliefs, intentions and behavior are influenced by social environment

Human Ecology

Study of interactions between human beings and nature in different cultures

Applied sociology

The information about society to solve social issues

Political Science

Concerned primarily in the state, goverment and politics, came from latin word Polis meaning City State and Scire means “to know”

Areas of Polsci

• Political Theory

• Public Law

• Public Administration

• International Relation

Hunting and Gathering Society

• Earliest and simplest form of society

• Nomadic

Pastoral Society

• Domestication of animals for food

• Produce Surplus food and resources

Horticultural Society

• Small scale cultivation of plants, fruits, and vegetables

• Semi-nomad

• assignments based on gender

Agrarian or Agricultural Society

• Large scale and longterm cultivation

• improved tech and use of tools for farming

• growing population and structured social system

Industrial Society

• use of specialized machinery in the production of goods and services

• Industrial revolution

• Work done in factories

• greater inequalities in wealth, power, and influence

Post-Industrual Society

• Establishment of societies based on knowledge, information, and scale of service

• Virtual society

• Digital Citizen

Society

Group of people who share a common territory and culture

Ethnocentrism

Tendency to see and evaluate other cultures in terms of one’s own race, nation or culture

Xenocentrism

Highly influenced by the culture or many cultures outside the realm of their society.

Cultural Relativism

Individual human’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture

Biological Evolution

Changes, modifications and variations in genetics and inherited traits of biological population from one generation to another.

Cultural Evolution

Changes or development in cultures from a simple form to a more complex form of human culture.

Socio-Cultural Evolution

Human adaptation to different factors like climactic change and population increase

Charles Darwin

Father of evolution

Evolution Theory

All forms of life started from simple and transformed to complex ones

Natural Selection

Certain environmentally adapted biological features are perpetuated at the expense of less adaptive features

Principles of natural selection

• Variation

• Inheritance

• Survival of the fittest

Hominid

term used by scientists to categorize the group of earl humans and other humanlike creatures.

Australopithecus

1st stage of human evolution

Ardipithecus

• Ape on ground

• small brain

• biped

• jungles and forest

• 4 feet

Australopithecus southern ape

• African jungle

• 1/3 of the side of modern human brain

• Upright

• Biped

Australopithecus afarensis

• “Lucy” was considered as one of the modern human’s earliest ancestors and remains as most famous hominid

Homo Habilis (Handy man)

Considered direct ancestors due to its ability to produce tools

• 3 ft

• half size of modern human brain

• used tools for hunting and food gathering

Homo Erectus (Upright man)

• 2/3 of modern human brain size

• 5 ft

• walks upright

• known for making tools

Tabon man

• Oldest confirmed modern human in the Philippines dating 16,500 years ago

• discovered in palawan

Homo Luzonensis

Excavated in 2007 in Callao Cave, Penablanca, Cagayan Valley, Philippines by international multidisciplinary team led by Dr. Armand Salvador Mijares

Homo Sapiens (Thinking man)

• modern humans

• species where all modern human belong to

Human Rights

Basic rules that says every person should be treated fairly and with respect.
Inherent to all human being.

Types of human Rights

• Civil

• Political

• Economic

• Cultural

• Social

Civil rights

Right to life, freedom of thought and expression, and right to fair trial

Political

To vote

Economic

Fundamental right to control his or her own labor and property

Cultural rights

Express culture and access cultural heritage and resources

Social rights

Ensuring a decent standard of living and well being for all.

Dignity

• latin word Dignitas meaning worth, worthiness

• the right of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake and to be treated ethically

Commission on Human Rights (CHR) Section 18, Article XIII of the Philippine Constitution

Investigating all forms of human rights violations involving civil and political rights in Philippines

Department of Justice (DOJ)

Governments legal counsel and representative in litigations and proceedings requiring the services of a lawyer

President Ferdinad Marcos under Proclamation 1081 or Martial Law

398 dissapearances, 1388 extrajudicial killings, and 1499 killed or wounded in massacres

President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

Military power and presence. Incident of extra-judicial killings against activists and civilians. Maguindanao Massacre (2009) 58 victims including 30+ journalists were killed.

President Rodrigo Duterte

War on drugs campaign 2016-2018. more than 6000 were killed.