Cognitive Exam 4 Creativity

analogical problem solving

attempting to solve a problem using the solution to a similar problem

***we just did this

***mindset: I have a problem→ I can help you, something similar happened to me

• the Russian marriage solution can be used to solve the mutilated checkerboard problem

analogical transfer

experience solving one problem is transferred to another problem

• Target problem: the problem we are trying to solve (CHECKBOARD PROBLEM)

• Source problem: another problem that is similar to and may illustrate a way to solve the target problem (RUSSIAN MARRIAGE)

Analogical transfer example

🎯 Target Problem: Radiation Problem

• A doctor needs to destroy a tumor with radiation.

• A strong beam would harm healthy tissue.

• A weak beam won’t destroy the tumor.

• Solution (hard to find): Use multiple weak rays from different angles to converge on the tumor.

📖 Source Problem: Fortress Story

• A general wants to attack a fortress.

• Roads are mined to explode if too many troops travel down one road.

• Solution: Send small groups down many roads to converge at the fortress.

analogical paradox

it can be difficult to apply analogies in the laboratory, but we routinely use analogies in real-world settings

expert and expertise

someone knowledgeable or skilled in a particular

• experts solve problems in their field more quickly and more often than beginners

• experts possess more knowledge about their field (however the same level of knowledge for outside field like normal ppl) LOOK AT PHOTO

• experts organize their knowledge differently than novices

Creativity

the use of imagination or original ideas

divergent thinking

thinking that is open-ended and involves a large number of potential “solutions”

• ex: how could you use this paper clip?

creative cognition

technique to train people to think creatively

• ex: make an object using these parts

• creative problem solving is a process

Stage I – Problem Generation

1. Problem Finding – Identify that a problem exists or an opportunity is present.

2. Fact Finding – Gather relevant data and background info.

Stage II – Problem Formulation

3. Problem Definition – Frame the problem clearly.

4. Idea Finding – Generate possible solutions (brainstorming, divergent thinking).

Stage III – Problem Solving

5. Evaluation and Selection – Analyze and choose the best solution(s).

6. Planning – Map out how the solution will be implemented.

Stage IV – Solution Implementation

7. Selling Idea – Communicate and advocate for the solution.

8. Taking Action – Put the plan into effect.

daydreaming, solitude, mindfulness

• daydreaming: purposeful mind wandering

• solitude: avoiding distractions; giving the mind space and time to make new connections and find meaning

• mindfulness: pay attention to what is happening in our mind and in the environment