BMF II Taxonomy

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A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering fundamental terms, laboratory criteria, molecular methods, and key concepts in microbial taxonomy and classification.

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20 Terms

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Taxonomy

Ordered classification of organisms, from Greek 'taxis' (arrangement) and 'nomos' (law), that reflects natural relationships, increasingly based on molecular data rather than phenotype.

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Hierarchy of Biological Classification

The ranked system of Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species set out by Linnaeus. A common acronym to remember this order is "King Philip Came Over For Good Soup."

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Domain (Woese, 1990)

Highest taxonomic rank separating life into Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya based on rRNA analysis.

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Subspecies / Strain

Population within a species distinguished by minor but stable genetic or phenotypic differences.

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Biovar

Strain subgroup differentiated by unique biochemical or physiologic traits.

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Serovar

Strain subgroup distinguished by variations in antigenic surface structures.

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Morphovar

Strain subgroup identified by distinctive cell shape or morphology.

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Phage Type

Bacterial strain classification based on susceptibility to specific bacteriophages.

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Identification (Microbiology)

Process of isolating and recognizing a specific microorganism from a mixed sample using a classification scheme.

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Classification

Grouping organisms into taxonomic categories using experimental and observational data.

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Nomenclature

Official system for naming organisms sanctioned by the scientific community.

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Non-selective Medium

Complex growth medium (e.g., blood agar) that supports many bacterial species without inhibition.

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Selective Medium

Culture medium containing inhibitors that suppress unwanted microbes while allowing target organisms to grow.

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Differential Medium

Culture medium that distinguishes microbes based on visible metabolic differences, such as color change.

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Gram Stain

Differential stain separating bacteria into Gram-positive and Gram-negative based on cell wall properties.

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Acid-Fast Stain

Special stain used to visualize mycobacteria with waxy cell walls rich in mycolic acids.

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Substrate Specificity

Growth requirement for particular nutrients or media, e.g., Bordetella pertussis on Bordet-Gengou agar.

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Phenotypic Characteristics

Observable traits such as morphology, motility, spore formation, pigment, odor, and growth conditions.

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Serology

Use of antibodies to detect specific bacterial surface antigens, defining serotypes or serogroups.

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Bacteriophage Typing

Subtyping method based on a strain’s susceptibility to a set of lytic phages.