wk 4 - HP functional anatomy (2/2)

what do the vessels of the circulatory system contain?

• arteries

• veins

• capillaries

what are the arteries of horses like in the circulatory system?

have thick, elastic walls & carry blood away from heart

what are the veins of horses like in the circulatory system?

• thinner walls

• equipped w one-way valves to keep blood flowing back to heart

what are the capillaries of horses like in the circulatory system?

microscopic

function as numerous connecting tubes between arteries & veins

what does the nervous system do?

• supplies body w info about internal & external environment

• divided into two main portions

what are the two main portions of the nervous system?

• autonomic or automatic functions

• central nervous system

  • conscious or voluntary action of body

what does the central nervous system (CNS) do?

controls conscious or voluntary actions of body

what is the role of the central nervous system (CNS)?

• communication system of body

• consists of brain, spinal cod, ganglia, & nerves

what does the autonomic nervous system do?

• controls respiratory & digestive systems

  • eyes, heart, blood vessels, glandular, & other autonomic functions

what role does the reproductive system play?

• important to success of horse breeding

• creation of new organisms

what reproductive organs play a creation in new organisms?

• union of male & female sex cells

• sperm

• egg

what is the reproductive functions of the mare?

• directed by hormones

• endocrine system

what is the hormonal balance of mares?

controls all phases of reproductive tract stimulation & inhibition

what is the reproductive system of stallions?

• two testes

• three accessory sex glands

• series of tubules

what is the purpose of spermatozoa in stallions?

transported through the tubules to female reproductive tract

what are characteristics of the endocrine system?

• ductless glands produce internal secretions, or endocrines

• secretions of endocrines called hormones

• pituitary & hypothalamus work as a functional unit

what do the endocrine secretions (hormones) influence? (1/2)

• conception

• gestation

• parturition

• digestion

what do the endocrine secretions (hormones) influence? (2/2)

• metabolism

• growth

• puberty

• aging

• other physiologic functions

what do hormones do?

aid in integration of body processes by stimulating or inhibiting target organs

what is the ultimate purpose of hormones?

to provide a means of adaptation between body & external/internal environment

where is hormone produced?

posterior & anterior pituitary

how does the posterior pituitary produce hormones?

don’t originate in pituitary, stored until needed

what hormones does the posterior pituitary produce?

• Vasopressin

• Oxytocin

how does the anterior pituitary produce hormones?

produced within pituitary gland

what hormones does the anterior pituitary gland produce?

• FSH & LH

• Prolactin

• ACTH

• TSH

• STH

what are the glands of the endocrine system? (1/2)

• pineal

• thyroid

• parathyroid

what are the glands of the endocrine system? (2/2)

• pancreas

• adrenal cortex

• adrenal medulla

• gonads

what are the nine systems of the horse? (1/3)

• skeletal

• muscular

• digestive

what are the nine systems of the horse? (2/3)

• urinary

• respiratory

• circulatory

what are the nine systems of the horse? (3/3)

• nervous

• reproductive

• endocrine