Chemical Bonds and Reactions Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering chemical bonds, polar molecules, ionic charges, hydrogen bonds, and chemical reactions based on lecture slides.

Polar covalent bond

A covalent bond formed when shared electrons spend more time near one atom due to differences in electronegativity, creating a slightly negative charge on that atom and a slightly positive charge on the other.

Polar molecule

A molecule, such as water, that contains polar covalent bonds, leading to an unequal sharing of electrons and distinct partial charges.

Ion

An atom or molecule with an electrical charge resulting from the gain or loss of electrons.

Positive charge (Ion)

An electrical charge that results when an atom or molecule loses an electron.

Negative charge (Ion)

An electrical charge that results when an atom or molecule gains an electron.

Ionic bond

A bond formed by the attraction between two ions with opposite charges that holds them together.

Hydrogen bond

The weakest type of bond, which holds most large molecules in their three-dimensional functional shape.

Chemical reaction

A process that makes and breaks chemical bonds, converting reactants into products.

Reactants

The starting materials in a chemical reaction that are converted into products, such as $H_2$ and $O_2$ in the reaction $2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O$.

Product

The substance resulting from a chemical reaction, such as $H_2O$ in the reaction $2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O$.