Boars in Swine Production - Lecture 9 Biology Terms

1 boar/20 sows

boar to sow ratio for live cover

1 boar/200 sows

boar to sow ratio for AI

replacement gilts

terminal market hogs

purpose of boars in the herd

8 months

age at which a boar can be used for breeding

12 even teats

no genetic abnormalities

strong feet/legs

wide stance

ability to move freely

features of reproductive soundness

body length/depth

height

size

features of conformation

10+ farrowed

8+ weaned

type of litter that boar should be selected from

250 lbs. at 155 days

2.75lbs. feed/1lb gain

gain 2+ lbs./day

performance requirements when selecting boars

ideal backfat measure

EPD

estimate of how future progeny of sire will perform

selection index

incorporates genetic evaluation of performance record, includes multiple traits

overall BV in terms of money

values based on 100

number born alive (NBA)

Number of live pigs born per litter, expressed as number of individuals, 10% heritability

21 day litter weight

weight in pounds of total litter adjusted to 21 days, 15% heritability

days to 250

number of days it takes a hog to reach market weight, reflects feed efficiency and intake, 35% heritability

backfat depth

measured at 10th rib, amount adjusted to 250lbs., negative correlation to muscle, 40% heritability

terminal sire index

swine- Ranks hogs on DAYS, LBS, F/G and BF only and does not include any maternal information

16 sq ft

size of housing crates

42 sq ft

size of housing pens

penned separately

crates

pens

housing options for boars

common area

flooring highly important

breeding area

>85% F

temperature at which semen quality begins to decrease

limit-fed at 6 months to prevent over-fattening

feed based on BCS

boar nutrition

daily observation

vaccination

treat for mange/lice

tusk trimming

features of routine management

loss of appetite

listlessness

lameness

features to look for during daily observation

2x per year

frequency of tusk trimming

erysipelas

a contagious disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissues caused by infection with streptococci organisms

infection by ingestion

edema of nose

snoring

diamond skin lesions

clinical signs of erysipelas

leptospira pomona

reproductive disease caused by infection by contact

show no external symptoms

mange

scabies, 15 day life cycle, lay eggs under skin

causes irritated crusty skin

ear --> neck --> body

pathway of infection of mange

insecticides

treatment of mange

lice

sucking and biting insect, lay eggs on hair near body, affects all parts of the body

causes irritated skin and decreased weight

insecticides

sanitation

treatment of lice

sperm and testosterone production

function of the testes

stores sperm (maturation)

function of epididymis

transports sperm during ejaculation

function of ductus deferens

produce seminal fluid

function of vesicular and prostate glands

produce gel

function of bulbourethral gland

individual mating

one boar with one female, requires a lot of labor and time

increased conception rates

pen mating

boar in pen with random females, boars rotated every couple days

training

facilities

requirements for collection for AI

safety

most important aspect of semen collection for AI

200 mL

average amount of ejaculate of mature boar

100 mL

3 billion cells

1 dose of sperm =

70-90%

ideal motility of sperm for insemination

7 days

average amount of time an extender can preserve sperm