social psych prejudice

prejudice

a hostile or negative attitude toward people in a distinguishable group, based solely on their membership in that group

affect, behavior, cognition

ABC’s of psychology

discrimination

unwarranted hostile behavior toward a member of a group which is based on their group membership

stereotypes

a generalization about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among members

schemas

help us organize and categorize all the information in our environment

stereotypes; schemas

_____ are _____ for a group of people

prejudice; stereotyping; stereotypes; prejudice

________ requires ______, but not all ______ lead to _______

distinction

seeing your group as different than other groups

categorization

the tendency to group similar things together and allows the formation of schemas; a basic ability that all intelligent life forms have; when you do this you look past individual difference and focus on similarites

out-group homogeneity effect

tendency to perceive more variability among in-groups than out-groups (relying on limited knowledge of out groups to define people that we do not know; we know people in our groups because we have been able to get to know them)

encoding

can bias what you put into memory; may just pay attention to stereotype consistent information

retrieval

can bias what you take out of memory; may recall stereotype consistent information even if it isn’t true

illusory correlation

when targets of stereotyping behave in stereotype consistent ways, we notice it; we are more likely to notice minorities; we “percieve” the two events as related, when they actually aren’t

fundamental attribution error

We tend to overemphasize internal causes and underestimate situational causes when judging others’ behavior

ultimate attribution error

generalizing the cause of one person’s behavior to an entire group

self-fulfilling prophecy

perceiver has a false belief about a target and treats the target in a manner that is consistent with that believe. The target then responds to the treatment in such a way as to confirm the originally false belief

automatically

stereotypes can be _________ applied when we’re not careful

low cognitive busyness

lots of time and energy to think; controlled processing can occur; we can question our stereotypes

high cognitive busyness

less capacity to think about things; automatic processing occurs; we are likely to use schemas

stressful

when you’re having a ________ day you are more likely to use stereotypes, and you might not be aware that you are doing this

stereotypes; anxiety

a victim of prejudice may internalize _______ and experience _______ about confirming the stereotype

competition; resources

___________ for ________ resources leads to conflict and prejudice

in-group bias

positive feelings and special treatment for people we have defined as being part of our in-group; negative feelings and unfair treatment for others simply becasue we have defined them as being in the out-group

scape goating

when frustrated or unhappy, people tend to displace aggression onto groups that are disliked, visible, and relatively powerless

bogus pipeline

connect participants to a fake lie detector and they are more honest

Implicit Association Test

measures speed of positive and negative reactions to target groups

modern racism scale

measures “acceptable” ways to express prejudice

realistic conflict theory

the idea that limited resources lead to conflict between groups and result in increased prejudice and discrimination

out-group homogeneity bias

When prejudiced people say, "They all look alike to me," they are illustrating the __________.

fear and other negative emotions

The amygdala is associated with which function of the brain?

asking friendly and probing questions

In the jigsaw classroom, when a student is having trouble mastering material, other group members benefit most by __________