Exam Two - Endocrine

Anterior pituitary hormones

Follicle-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone

Posterior pituitary hormone

ADH and oxytocin

Adrenal cortex

zona glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis

Hormones released from zona glomerulosa

aldosterone

Hormones released from zona fasciculata

cortisol

Hormones released from zona reticularis

androgens

Hormones released from adrenal medulla

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Cushing’s cause

hypercortisolism, excess cortisol

Cushing’s symptoms

moon face, hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), fluid retention/edema, osteoporosis, fat deposits on face and back of shoulders, thin extremities and skin, purple bruising and stretch marks

Addison’s cause

hypocortisolism, not enough cortisol

Addison’s symptoms

bronze skin pigmentation, weight loss, weakness, hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), postural hypotension, increased acid in GI tract

Grave’s cause

hyperthyroidism, overactive metabolism, thyroid cancer

Grave’s symptoms

bulging eyes (exophthalmos, soft tissue inflammation, pain, and double vision), goitre, heat intolerance, excessive sweating, and weight loss, tremors, anxiety

Hashimoto’s cause

hypothyroidism, low metabolism

Hashimoto’s symptoms

receding hairline and hair loss, facial and eyelid edema, extreme fatigue/apathy, thick tongue/slow speech, anorexia, brittle hair and nails, dry skin, muscle aches, constipation

Growth Hormone

stimulates activity in growth plates and increases blood glucose

Parathyroid Hormone

 increases blood calcium by withdrawing it from the bones (stimulating osteoclasts), kidneys, and intestines

Calcitonin

deposits calcium into the bone using osteoblasts, decreasing blood calcium levels

Insulin

released by beta cells, regulates blood sugar by helping the body absorb glucose into the cell

Glucagon

released by alpha cells, regulates blood sugar, signaling the release of glucose into the bloodstream

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

stimulates the release of cortisol

Cortisol

hormone for managing stress, metabolism, and blood pressure

Thyroid hormone

stimulate metabolism

Prolactin

stimulate breast tissue

Stimuli of ADH

low blood pressure and high plasma osmolality

ADH/ Vassopression

water retention, restoring blood back to isotonic