CPU parts and Registers

Control Unit (CU)

Directs the flow of data and instructions; controls input, output, and execution.

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Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Performs arithmetic (add, subtract, etc.) and logical (compare, AND/OR/NOT) operations.

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Registers

Small, fast storage inside the CPU used to hold instructions, data, and addresses temporarily.

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Clock

Sends out timing signals to synchronize all CPU operations.

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Buses

Pathways that transfer data, addresses, and control signals between CPU components.

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Program Counter (PC)

Holds the memory address of the next instruction to be executed.

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Memory Address Register (MAR)

Holds the address of the memory location that is being read from or written to.

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Memory Data Register (MDR)

Holds the actual data being transferred to or from memory.

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Current Instruction Register (CIR)

Holds the instruction currently being executed.

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Accumulator (ACC)

Holds intermediate results of arithmetic and logic operations from the ALU.

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Status Register (Flag Register)

Stores information about the outcome of operations (e.g., zero, carry, overflow flags).